Assessment of the global paradigms of genetic variability in Strongyloides stercoralis infrapopulations determined by mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Microevolutionary data of Strongyloides stercoralis infrapopulations are regarded as a requirement for determining the global genetic structure and transmission paradigms of this neglected tropical nematode among the neighboring countries of the world. English databases were searched from 2010 to 2019, analyzing a total of 10 publications. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences of S. stercoralis isolated from Asian and African continents were subjected to calculate the diversity indices and genetic differentiation. A parsimonious haplotype network indicated a star-like trait a total of 106 (Homo sapiens) and 48 haplotypes (Canid) being grouped into four distinct geographical haplogroups. A significant genetic diversity was identified in human-derived S. stercoralis (Haplotype diversity: 0.78) and those with dog (Hd: 0.86) origins. Cladistic phylogenetic tree indicated the Japanese, Thailandish, and Myanmarese clades have a sister relationship with the Laotian clade. The statistically significant Fst values indicated that human S. stercoralis populations of Japanese-Thailandish, Japanese-Myanmarese, and Japanese-Laotian origins were genetically differentiated (Fst: 0.48430 to 0.54903). We conclude that a high gene migration of human strongyloidiasis is being unequivocally shared between the Laotion-Myanmarese and Laotion-Thailandish population pairs. The current findings enhance our knowledge to assess the transmission dynamics and the evolutionary patterns of S. stercoralis in various geographical regions of the globe; also it will serve as a basis for public health policy to control human strongyloidiasis particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Besides, the infected canids and other environmental reservoirs for zoonotic transmission of S. stercoralis to humans should be de-wormed along with their owners.