Severe withdrawal syndrome in three newborns subjected to continuous opioid infusion and seizure activity dependent on brain hypoxia--ischemia. A possible link.

BACKGROUND

The aim of this investigation was to verify whether brain hypoxia represented a risk factor for the occurrence and severity of opioid abstinence syndrome.

METHODS

Three newborns who manifested seizure activity as a result of hypoxia, focal brain ischemia, and hypoxia and sepsis, respectively, were compared with 17 neonates who suffered from hypoxia without developing seizure activity.

RESULTS

The first three neonates suffered a severe withdrawal syndrome (a rating on the neonatal abstinence score>17), the others did not.

CONCLUSIONS

It is hypothesized that brain hypoxia facilitated the occurrence and severity of the withdrawal syndrome because some key neurochemical processes (such as N-methyl-D-aspartate activation, protein kinase C activation and nitric oxide production) are common to both phenomena.