Skin lesions of the spinal axis and spinal dysraphism. Fifteen cases and a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE

To catalog the paraspinal skin lesions of early childhood that are associated with occult spinal dysraphism.

METHODS

Retrospective review of a series of patients.

METHODS

Tertiary care referral center.

METHODS

Fifteen patients who had significant paraspinal skin lesions were identified from the personal files of the authors who saw them.

RESULTS

The skin lesions included various combinations of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis, acrochordons, dimples, lipomas, hemangiomas, or teratomas. Not all lesions were evaluated with the same tests, which included plain roentgenography, ultrasonography, myelography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Of the 15 patients, six had spinal anomalies, eight had no apparent spinal dysraphism, and one had insufficient results of the evaluation to assess the spinal column.

CONCLUSIONS

Early recognition of paraspinal skin lesions is essential to prevent neurologic damage. Urinary or fecal incontinence, recurrent urinary infections, muscle atrophy, foot deformities, weakness, pain, or decreased sensation in the lower extremities may eventually develop in these patients. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be the single best screening test for dysraphism.