A transcriptome approach evaluating effects of neonatal androgen and anti-androgen treatments on regulation of luteal function in sexually mature pigs.

The current study was designed to gain insights into regulatory mechanisms mediating long-term effects of androgen excess or deficiency on corpus luteum function in pigs. Piglets were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (TP, an androgen), flutamide (FLU, an anti-androgen) or corn oil (control) between postnatal Days 1 and 10. Corpora lutea from sexually mature gilts were examined for luteal steroid concentrations and processed for total RNA isolation and subsequent RNA sequencing to determine abundances of mRNA transcripts and microRNAs (miRNAs). Potential miRNA-mRNA interactions were explored in silico. Androstenedione, testosterone and estrone concentrations in corpora lutea were altered due to the disrupted androgen action in neonates. The luteal tissue had 465 and 353 genes for which there were differential mRNA abundances as compared with the control group (P-adjusted < 0.05; log₂FC ≥ 1.0) in response to neonatal TP and FLU piglet treatments, respectively. Disruption of androgen signalling in neonates affected mRNA transcript abundance, as compared with the control group, for genes associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune functions in the corpora lutea. Furthermore, there was a differential abundance of a group of miRNAs in the treatment groups compared with the control group. These results indicate the neonatal androgenic milieu affects the onset of luteolysis when these animals are sexually mature, although mechanisms for responses to TP or FLU likely differ. It is proposed that changes in specific miRNAs and mRNAs may, in part, account for long-term effects of androgen excess or androgen deficiency on corpus luteum function in pigs.