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Adicciones 2020-Jul

Apps for smoking cessation through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. A review

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Patricia García-Pazo
Joana Fornés-Vives
Albert Sesé
Francisco Pérez-Pareja

Keywords

Abstract

Smoking is a health and economic problem that is difficult to eradicate. Nicotine addicts also often suffer from psychological problems such as depression and anxiety. The recommended treatment according to clinical practice guidelines (CPG) is Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT), alone or combined with medication. Currently, health-related apps (m Health) enable wider availability and access to this treatment. The objectives of this study are to carry out a review of the smoking cessation apps that apply CBT and to describe the techniques used by them. Following the PRISMA framework, the databases EBSCOhost, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for publications between 2010-2019. Four hundred fifteen studies were found and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only five articles were eligible for systematic review. Only three apps were identified as using CBT, and the techniques most commonly used were the recording of smoking history, progress visualised through graphics, psycho-educational videos, motivation, social support through social media, and elements of gamification to reinforce adherence and abstinence behaviour. The results recommend the inclusion of smoking behaviour analysis in these types of apps, as not all of them do so, as well as an interface between the health professionals and the users to provide a personalised treatment.

El tabaquismo constituye un problema sanitario y económico de difícil erradicación. Las personas más dependientes a la nicotina suelen presentar, además, problemas psicopatológicos como depresión y ansiedad. Según las Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC), el tratamiento recomendado para abandonar el hábito es la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC), sola o combinada con medicación. Actualmente, las aplicaciones móviles (App) en salud (mHealth) permiten un acceso masivo y económico a este tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de las Apps para dejar de fumar que apliquen TCC y describir las técnicas implementadas. En el marco del protocolo PRISMA, la búsqueda se ciñó al periodo 2010-19 y se realizó en las bases de datos: EBSCOhost, Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus. Se hallaron un total de 415 trabajos, de los cuales, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, solo 5 artículos fueron objeto de revisión. Únicamente se identificaron 3 Apps (en inglés) que incluyeran TCC y, las técnicas más utilizadas fueron: el registro de cigarrillos, la visualización del progreso mediante gráficas, videos psicoeducativos, la motivación, el apoyo social mediante redes sociales y elementos de gamificación para reforzar la adherencia y la conducta de abstinencia. Los resultados sugieren incluir en este tipo de Apps el análisis de la conducta de fumar, ya que no todas lo hacen, así como una interfaz que comunique el personal sanitario con el usuario y pueda proporcionar un tratamiento personalizado.

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