Intake of Camelina Sativa Oil and Fatty Fish Alter the Plasma Lipid Mediator Profile in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism - A Randomized Controlled Trial

n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their lipid mediator metabolites are associated with inflammation. We investigated the effect of dietary intake of plant- and animal-derived n-3 PUFAs and fish protein on the circulatory concentrations of lipid mediators. Seventy-nine subjects with impaired fasting glucose who completed the controlled dietary intervention after randomization to the fatty fish (FF, n=20), lean fish (LF, n=21), Camelina sativa oil (CSO, n=18) or control group (n=20) for 12 weeks were studied. Lipid mediator profiling from fasting plasma samples before and after the intervention was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The FF diet increased concentrations of 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and 4- and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-, 17-HDoHE) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. Concentrations of lipid mediators derived from α-linolenic acid (ALA) increased and arachidonic acid (AA) derived 5-iso prostaglandin F_2α-VI decreased in the CSO group. There were no significant changes in lipid mediators in the LF group. The dietary intake of both plant and animal-based n-3 PUFAs increased circulatory concentrations of lipid mediators with potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Keywords: Camelina sativa; DHA; EPA; lipid mediator; α-linolenic acid.