2 3 butanediol/infarction

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Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) reduce the volume of cerebral infarction in rodent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

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gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), an endogenous organic acid catabolite of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been shown to have tissue-protective effects in various organs, including the brain. We examined the potential neuroprotective effect of GHB and its chemical precursors, gamma-butyrolactone

Early appearance of 2,3-butanediol in acute myocardial infarction. A new marker for ischaemia?

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In 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction, the release pattern of 2,3-butanediol (BD), a product of intermediary metabolism, and creatine kinase activity (CK) in blood were compared. Whereas CK at entry was low in all patients, the BD level was elevated in 18 (64%). However, BD returned to

Dietary nonprotein calories and cerebral infarction size in rats.

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OBJECTIVE Conventional diets may cause hyperglycemia in patients with neurological injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the severity of cerebral infarction of replacing carbohydrates as the primary dietary source of nonprotein calories. METHODS Sixty-nine Long-Evans rats

Beneficial effect of 1,3-butanediol on cerebral energy metabolism and edema following brain embolization in rats.

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We assessed the effect of 1,3-butanediol on cerebral energy metabolism and edema after inducing multifocal brain infarcts in 108 rats by the intracarotid injection of 50-microns carbonized microspheres. An ethanol dimer that induces systemic ketosis, 25 mmol/kg i.p. butanediol was injected every 3

Experimental stroke protection induced by 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is cancelled by bacitracin.

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Induction of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is validated as a main mechanism by which 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), an active principle of Gastrodia elata Blume, reduces cerebral infarct volumes in a murine model of focal brain ischemia/reperfusion. In contrast to its position isomers, i.e.

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