alcohol dehydrogenase/pinus

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Purification, Characterization, and Cloning of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.).

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1. 195) has been purified to homogeneity from differentiating xylem tissue and developing seeds of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The enzyme is a dimer with a native molecular weight of 82,000 and a subunit molecular weight of 44,000, and is the only form

A sequence mutation in the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene associated with altered lignification in loblolly pine.

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Evidence for the molecular basis of a null allele of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) has been discovered in the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clone 7-56. The mutation is a two-base pair adenosine insertion located in exon 5 that causes a frame-shift which is predicted to result in premature

Genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution.

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The gene encoding the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) can be expressed in response to different developmental and environmental cues. Control of Cad gene expression could involve either differential regulation of more than one Cad gene or,

Lignin structure in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity is deficient in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) harboring a mutated allele of the cad gene (cad-n1). We compared lignin structure of CAD-deficient and wild-type pines, both types segregating within full-sib families obtained by controlled crosses. The

Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary rates of alcohol dehydrogenases in vertebrates and plants.

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Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary rates for 36 alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) from vertebrates and plants are described, with ADHs from fission yeast and from baker's yeasts as outgroups. Vertebrate sequences include 15 mammalian, 2 avian, and 1 amphibian ADH, as well as one sequence

Pinus banksiana has at least seven expressed alcohol dehydrogenase genes in two linked groups.

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The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene family is much more complex in Pinus banksiana than in angio-sperms, with at least seven expressed genes organized as two tightly linked clusters. Intron number and position are highly conserved between P. banksiana and angiosperms. Unlike angiosperm Adh genes,

Gene silencing of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in Pinus radiata callus cultures.

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Xylem-derived Pinus radiata cell cultures, which can be induced to differentiate tracheary elements (TEs), were transformed with an RNAi construct designed to silence cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols. Quantitative enzymatic CAD measurements

Molecular cloning and expression of a Eucalyptus gunnii cDNA clone encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyses the reduction of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes (sinapyl, paracoumaryl, coniferyl aldehydes) to the corresponding alcohols which are the direct monomeric precursors of lignins. Recently, we have purified from Eucalyptus gunnii two isoforms of CAD (CAD1 and

Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and elicitor-/ozone-induced accumulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.).

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. We have previously isolated pure CAD enzyme from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) cell culture. Here we report on partial protein sequences of the 42 kDa CAD polypeptide. A cDNA encoding CAD was isolated from the spruce

Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

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We have discovered a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in which expression of the gene encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) is severely reduced. The products of CAD, cinnamyl alcohols, are the precursors of lignin, a major cell wall polymer of plant vascular tissues.

Sequence analysis and functional characterization of the promoter of the Picea glauca Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene in transgenic white spruce plants.

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The enzyme Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyses the last step of lignin monomer synthesis, and is considered as a molecular marker of cell wall lignification in different plants species. Here, we report the isolation and analysis of 5' flanking genomic DNA regions upstream to the CAD gene,

Average effect of a mutation in lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine.

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) is a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the final step of lignin subunit biosynthesis in higher plants. Recently, a mutant allele of the cad gene, cad-n1, encoding for the CAD enzyme, was discovered in loblolly pine. By reducing the

Cell differentiation, secondary cell-wall formation and transformation of callus tissue of Pinus radiata D. Don.

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Tracheid and sclereid differentiation was induced in callus cultures of Pinus radiata D. Don by culturing on a basal medium containing activated charcoal but no phytohormones; sclereids differentiated in callus derived from xylem strips, but not in callus derived from hypocotyl segments. The

Lignification in cell cultures of Pinus radiata: activities of enzymes and lignin topochemistry.

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Enzymatic and topochemical aspects of lignification were studied in a Pinus radiata D. Don cell culture system that was induced to differentiate tracheary elements and sclereids with lignified secondary cell walls. The activities of the lignin-related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC

Gene silencing studies in the gymnosperm species Pinus radiata.

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A biolistic transformation procedure was used to transform embryogenic Pinus radiata tissue with constructs containing the Zea mays UBI1 (ubiquitin)-promoter followed by the P. radiata CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) cDNA in sense or anti-sense orientation or in the form of an inverted-repeat.

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