Authors will include a population of T2DM patients with advanced heart failure and treated by heart transplant.

The patients received in the past heart transplant. In the removed and frizzed hearts authors will extract portions of septal wall. From this tissue authors will analyze inflammatory markers and microRNAs involved in the progression of cardiac disease.

Diabetes Mellitus

Heart Failure

From removed and frozen hearts, authors will conduct a tissue and molecular analysis of possible mechanisms T2DM linked.

patients treated by HTx

Raffaele Marfella

Diabetes and Lipid Accumulationand Heart Transplant

Lipid Accumulation in Heart Transplant From Non-diabetic Donors to Diabetic Recipients

Authors will evaluate all cause of deaths.

primary investigator

University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"

Fifty women with intrauterine growth restricted fetuses were included in the study. Gestational age was based on the precisely dated last menstrual period and ultra-sonographic examination of crown-rump length in the first trimester. Intrauterine growth restriction was diagnosed when fetal abdominal circumference was more than two standard deviations below the mean for gestational age and also confirmed by the serial assessment of the fetal growth parameters (Chitty and Altman, 1999). Detailed obstetric history was available for each patient. Caesarean sections were performed on clinical grounds

Twenty five uneventful pregnancies with appropriate for gestational age fetuses are selected as control. Obstetric history Doppler results and placenta were examined for any remarkable pathology. Caesarean sections were performed on clinical grounds. The indications for Caesarean section of the controls, which were tried to be at equivalent gestational ages with the study group, were presentation abnormalities or previous Caesarean section

The general shapes of placentas were assessed and weightedby trimming the membranes and umbilical cord. The diameters and thickness of placentas were noted cord insertion site. The maternal surface at a distance of 1-2 cm in bread loaf manner and examined for the pale areas. Whole thickness villous tissue blocks were obtained from three zones ;central, peripheral and intermediate zones Placental bed biopsies were obtained at Caesarean sections .. The specimens were fixed in buffered formalin. The tissues were processed and stained with Haematoxlyin and Eosin. Microscopic study of placenta was carried out utilizing a set of standard criteria for villous and intervillous lesions . For studying these criteria 8 random microscopic fields were chosen and 100 villi were counted in each field

Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Doppler studies were performed within the last week before delivery using a 3.5-Mhz transducer, all measurements were performed with the mothers in a semi recumbent position. Color-flow imaging was used to visualize the ascending branch of the uterine arteries. Pulsed Doppler velocimetry was performed with a sample volume of 5 mm.

biotin/infarction

Diabetes and Lipid Accumulationand Heart Transplant

Correlation of Uterine and Umbilical Arteries Doppler With Placental Pathology in IUGR

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