carboxylic acid/necrosis

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Short chain carboxylic acids decrease human gingival keratinocyte proliferation and increase apoptosis and necrosis.

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Epithelia are key barriers to infections. In periodontal disease, the gingival sulcular epithelium becomes ulcerated. In this report, we test the hypothesis that short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCA) inhibit keratinocyte proliferation, increase necrosis and apoptosis, and may thus promote ulceration.

Augmentation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis by the synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) through up-regulation of TRAIL receptors in human lung cancer cells.

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Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis via the death receptors DR4 and DR5 in different transformed cells in vitro and exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo with minor side effects. The synthetic retinoid CD437 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in

Inhibitory effect of (4R)-hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on the production of TNF-like factor from Propionibacterium acnes-primed rat liver macrophages/Kupffer cells.

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The effect of (4R)-hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like factor production from Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)-primed rat liver macrophages/Kupffer cells was investigated. A remarkable increase in

Immunological activity of new heterocyclic amides of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid.

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In the present study, some new amides of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid were obtained. All new structures possessed markedly different groups of electron acceptor character, different spatial structure and they contained nitrogen heteroatom, enabling formation of salts and, at the same

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids that inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha release in vitro and in vivo.

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To search for TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors, we designed a new class of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids by linking the P1 and P2' residues of acyclic anti-succinate-based hydroxamic acids. A variety of residues including amide, carbamate, alkyl,

2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl) amino]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid exhibits antidiabetic potential and raises insulin sensitivity via amelioration of oxidative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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Thiazole derivatives are potential candidates for drug development. They can be efficiently synthesized and are extremely active against several diseases, including diabetes. In our present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of 2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl)

Metabolism studies of a small-molecule tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, UTL-5b (GBL-5b).

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UTL-5b is an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic small-molecule tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor and a structural analogue of the anti-arthritic drug, leflunomide. Leflunomide is known to be metabolized to teriflunomide, but the metabolites of UTL-5b have not been reported. The objective of

Prevention of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity by 2(R,S)-n-propylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid in mice.

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The cysteine (Cys) precursor 2(R,S)-n-propylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (PTCA) was shown previously to maintain near normal levels of hepatic GSH and GSSG at 24 hr and to protect against hepatic necrosis and mortality at 48 hr after toxic doses of acetaminophen (APAP) in mice. Studies were

Structure-function relationship and role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme in the down-regulation of L-selectin by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

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It has been recently described that some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are able to induce the shedding of L-selectin in neutrophils, an adhesion molecule that plays an essential role in the inflammatory response. We have found that, according to this capability, NSAIDs could be

Cardiovascular effect and stimulus-dependent inhibition of superoxide generation from human neutrophils by tibenelast, 5,6-diethoxybenzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt (LY186655).

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Tibenelast (LY186655), 5,6,-diethoxybenzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt, is an orally active anti-anaphylactic compound in guinea pigs, and has been shown to prevent bronchospasm in moderately severe asthmatic patients. Pharmacological studies with tibenelast demonstrated that it is a

Effects of 2(RS)-n-propylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid on extrahepatic sulfhydryl levels in mice treated with acetaminophen.

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The cysteine (Cys) precursor 2(RS)-n-propylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (PTCA) has been shown to protect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic GSH, GSSG, and Cys depletion and hepatic necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PTCA on the concentrations of sulfhydryl

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid prevents endotoxin-induced cardiac dysfunction.

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We tested the hypothesis that treatment with the glutathione repleting agent, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), could prevent endotoxin-induced ventricular dysfunction. Rabbits were treated with OTZ 2.4 g/kg (10% solution subcutaneously), or an equal volume and osmolality of saline, 24 h

SB 207499 (Ariflo), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-4 production in vivo.

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The ability of the second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor SB 207499 (Ariflo), [c-4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-r-l-cyclohexane carboxylic acid], to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in vivo was evaluated and compared to that of rolipram, a first generation

Comparative hepatotoxicity of 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, two fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, on adult male mice.

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Due to their structural similarities, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (6:2 FTCA) are often used as alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), respectively. With limited health risk data and 6:2 FTSA detection

Imaging experimental brain tumors with 1-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid: comparison to fluorodeoxyglucose and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in morphologically defined tumor regions.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the differences and define the advantages of imaging experimental brain tumors in rats with two nonmetabolized amino acids, 1-aminocyclopentane carboxylic (ACPC) acid and alpha-aminoisobutyric (AIB) acid compared with imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or

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