carcinogenesis/seizures

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Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin (CAS No. 57-41-0) (Phenytoin) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).

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5,5-Diphenylhydantoin and its sodium salt are primarily used in the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor seizures, often in combination with other anticonvulsants, including phenobarbital. 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is a suspected human carcinogen and was one of three compounds selected by the NTP to

Correspondence of increased debrisoquine 4-monooxygenase activity with seizure-susceptibility in Mongolian gerbils.

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Four drug-metabolizing activities in Wistar rat and Mongolian gerbil liver microsomes were investigated to clarify the biochemical basis of convulsions. No significant associations were observed between the susceptibility to the tonic-clonic seizures in Mongolian gerbils and the drug-metabolizing

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (CAS No. 149-30-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

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Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of technical-grade 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (96%-97% pure), a rubber accelerant and preservative, were conducted by administering the chemical by gavage in a corn oil vehicle to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years.

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of n-Butyl Chloride (CAS No. 109-69-3) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

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Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of n-butyl chloride (greater than 99.5% pure), a solvent as well as an alkylating agent, were conducted by exposing groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to n-butyl chloride in corn oil by gavage for 14 days, 13 weeks, and 2 years. In the 14-day studies, no

Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Hexachloroethane (CAS No. 67-72-1) in F344/N Rats (Gavage Studies).

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Hexachloroethane is used in organic synthesis as a retarding agent in fermentation, as a camphor substitute in nitrocellulose, in pyrotechnics and smoke devices, in explosives, and as a solvent. In previous long-term gavage studies with B6C3F1 mice and Osbourne-Mendel rats (78 weeks of exposure

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6) in Four Strains of Rats (ACI, August, Marshall, Osborne-Mendel) (Gavage Studies).

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Trichloroethylene is an industrial solvent used primarily for vapor degreasing and cold cleaning. It was selected for study because of its industrial use and for potential for human exposure. (An estimated 3.5 million workers are exposed to trichloroethylene.) In an earlier study trichloroethylene

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Nitrofurazone (CAS No. 59-87-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).

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Nitrofurazone is a synthetic furan derivative, active against a broad spectrum of bacteria, which has been widely used in veterinary and human medicine. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by feeding diets containing nitrofurazone (99% pure) to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Hydroquinone (CAS No. 123-31-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

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Hydroquinone is used an antioxidant in the rubber industry and as a developing agent in photography. It is also an intermediate in the manufacture of rubber and food antioxidants and monomer inhibitors. Hydroquinone and products containing hydroquinone are used as depigmenting agents to lighten

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

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Acetonitrile is used primarily as a solvent in extractive distillation and crystallization of pharmaceutical and agricultural products and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. It was nominated for testing by the National Cancer Institute due to its presence in drinking water supplies and the

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of diisopropylcarbodiimide (Cas No. 693-13-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies).

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Diisopropylcarbodiimide is used as a reagent for peptide syntheses and as a chemical intermediate. The National Cancer Institute nominated diisopropylcarbodiimide for study as a representative chemical in the alkylcarbodiimide class because of its acute toxicity; its use in chemical, pharmaceutical,

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of alpha,beta-thujone (CAS No. 76231-76-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).

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BACKGROUND α,β-Thujone is a component of the essential oils of some plants including wormwood, sage, and cedar. It is used in herbal medicines, food and flavoring, and notably as the principal ingredient of the liqueur absinthe. We studied the effects of α,β-thujone on male and female rats and mice

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of kava kava extract (CAS No. 9000-38-8) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage Studies).

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Kava beverages, made from dried roots of the shrub Piper methysticum, have been used ceremonially and socially in the South Pacific and in Europe since the 1700s. The drink is reported to have pleasant mild psychoactive effects, similar to alcoholic beverages. In the United States, kava kava is an

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane (CAS No. 111-91-1) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies).

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Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane is used as a solvent and the starting agent in the production of fungicides and polysulfide polymers. Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane was nominated for study by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences because of its widespread use as a starting material to

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Primidone (CAS No. 125-33-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).

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Primidone is used alone or with other anticonvulsants in the control of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. It may control grand mal seizures refractory to other anticonvulsant therapy. Primidone was nominated by the National Cancer Institute for 2-year toxicology and

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1-Trans-Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (CAS No. 1972-08-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

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1-Trans-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was nominated by the National Cancer Institute to the NTP for study because it is the major psychoactive component of marijuana and a widely used Schedule I substance. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice received THC (97% pure) in corn oil by

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