BACKGROUND
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy characterised by a distinctive brain malformation (the 'molar tooth sign'), developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and abnormal breathing pattern. Retinal dystrophy, cystic kidney disease, liver fibrosis and polydactyly are variably present,
Joubert syndrome and related disorders comprise a subgroup of ciliopathies defined by the presence of the 'molar tooth sign', a midbrain-hindbrain malformation identifiable by neuroimaging. Characteristically, the corticospinal tract and superior cerebellar peduncles do not decussate. Epileptic
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a genetically heterogeneous, neonatally lethal malformation and the most common form of syndromic neural tube defect (NTD). To date, several MKS-associated genes have been identified whose protein products affect ciliary function. Here we show that mutations in MKS1,
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