cns stimulant/seizures

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CNS stimulants and the look-alike drugs.

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Abuse of amphetamine and especially the stimulant look-alikes represent a serious problem in the United States. The danger of amphetamine lies in its ability to produce tolerance, psychological addiction, psychosis, hypertensive crisis, and major depression following withdrawal after long-term use.

The guinea-pig isolated atrium as a model system for the central actions of selected CNS stimulant and depressant drugs. Part 2. Mechanisms involved in the actions and interactions of the convulsant bemegride and its hypnotic homologue 3-methyl-3-n-butylglutarimide.

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The present study explores pharmacologically on the model spontaneously beating 3H-noradrenaline pretreated guinea-pig atrial preparation the mechanism(s) by which the representative central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drug 3-methyl-3-ethylglutarimide (bemegride, MEG) and its representative CNS

Seizure activity in animals given enprofylline and theophylline, two xanthines with partly different mechanisms of action.

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Theophylline, that is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, and enprofylline (3-propylxanthine), that seems to lack antagonism of neuronal depressant effects of adenosine, have been tested for convulsive activity in three animal species. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs theophylline produced

Prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs): an evaluation of extent of xanthine co-medication.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) at a tertiary care hospital. The extent and pattern of concurrently used medications for co-exiting illnesses was also studied. Attention was focussed in particular on co-existence of bronchial asthma

Caffeine and seizures: A systematic review and quantitative analysis.

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Caffeine is the most commonly used central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. The relationship between caffeine, seizures, epilepsy, and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is complex and not fully understood. Case reports suggest that caffeine triggers seizures in susceptible people. Our systematic review

Effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on subthreshold doses of some CNS stimulants.

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The effect of chronic application of electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on the time of onset of convulsions and percentage of mice convulsed by the centrally acting drugs picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was studied in mice. There was a significant decrease in time to onset of convulsions in the

Effect of acute and chronic pentylenetetrazol treatment on benzodiazepine and cholinergic receptor binding in rat brain.

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The binding of [3H] diazepam and [3H] flunitrazepam in rat cerebral cortex was not altered by either acute or chronic administration of pentylenetetrazol except in rats made to convulse 30 min before sacrifice. Rats treated for up to 6 months with doses of pentylenetetrazol which are below seizure

Effects of enprofylline and theophylline may show the role of adenosine.

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It is well established that at low and clinically relevant concentrations theophylline (and caffeine) exerts antagonism at cell surface receptor sites for adenosine. However, it is not known which actions of theophylline are due to adenosine antagonism, because theophylline apparently activates

Interactions between psychotropics, anaesthetics and electroconvulsive therapy: implications for drug choice and patient management.

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Despite many predictions that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) would be replaced by pharmacotherapy, ECT has remained an invaluable adjunct in the management of severe psychiatric disease. Both pharmacotherapy and ECT continue to be used extensively, and will frequently be administered concurrently.

Evaluation of sedative and anticonvulsant activities of Unmadnashak Ghrita.

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'Unmadnashak Ghrita' (UG) is a ayurvedic formulation containing Ferula narthex (6 g), Gardenia gummifera (6 g), Ellataria cardamom (6 g), Bacopa monneri (6 g), and cow's ghee (clarified butter fat) (76 g). In the present study, neuropharmacological activities of UG were evaluated for its gross

The sedative-hypnotic properties of quazepam, a new hypnotic agent.

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7-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepine-2-thione (Sch 16134, quazepam) is a new hypnotic drug with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Quazepam has been shown in our laboratories to have potent hypnotic activity and fewer side effects at effective doses

[Application of group psychology of animals into pharmacological studies. 12. Specificities of actions of psychotropic drugs on emotional and exploratory behaviors of a single mouse or groups of 2 or 3 animals].

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The exploratory movement recorder of Tokyo University of Education type was utilized to assess the exploratory motor activity of groups of 1, 2 and 3 mice of the dd-strain. As the animals were observed during 15 min periods to move spontaneously, psychotropic drugs were administered and the specific

Pharmacological rationale for the clinical use of caffeine.

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Caffeine is widely consumed in beverages to obtain mild CNS stimulant effects. Long term use produces tolerance to some of the pharmacological effects. Withdrawal of caffeine, even from moderate intake levels, can produce symptoms such as headache, fatigue and anxiety. Caffeine is used

Diagnosis of primary generalized epilepsy in a cow.

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On the basis of history, electrodiagnostic and neuropharmacologic studies, and results of laboratory testing and necropsy, a seizure disorder of 1.5 years' duration in an 8-year-old Hereford cow was diagnosed as primary generalized epilepsy. Evidence of metabolic, toxicologic, head trauma, or

Cerebral glucose uptake in lindane-treated rats.

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The pesticide and ectoparasiticide lindane, gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane, is a powerful CNS-stimulant inducing convulsions and other signs of hyperexcitability in mammals. The present work was carried out to investigate the effect of lindane on brain regional glucose uptake at convulsant

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