cotinine/edema

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Tobacco-induced neuronal degeneration via cotinine in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury.

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OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals including well-characterized toxicants and carcinogens, among which is cotinine. Cotinine is the principal metabolite of nicotine that has adverse affects on the microcirculation via vasoconstriction, hypoxia and the wound-healing cascade. Its

Maternal nicotinic exposure produces a depressed hypoxic ventilatory response and subsequent death in postnatal rats.

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In this study, we asked whether a "full term" prenatal nicotinic exposure (fPNE, 6 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) nicotinic delivery) over the full gestation, compared to a traditional PNE (tPNE) over the last two-thirds of the gestation, caused a higher mortality following a remarkable depressed hypoxic

A Biologically-Based Computational Approach to Drug Repurposing for Anthrax Infection.

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Developing drugs to treat the toxic effects of lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) produced by B. anthracis is of global interest. We utilized a computational approach to score 474 drugs/compounds for their ability to reverse the toxic effects of anthrax toxins. For each toxin or drug/compound,

Alterations of brain tissue in fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of nitric oxide and catecholamines.

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Histopathological changes in the brains of embryos from female rats treated with nicotine during pregnancy and possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and catecholamines in the nicotine-induced abnormalities of developing brain were investigated. Sexually mature female Wistar rats were given 1, 2,

Brain death following ingestion of E-cigarette liquid nicotine refill solution

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Background: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is very common worldwide. To date, an increase of nicotine intoxication following an accidental or intentional ingestion/injection of refill solution (e-liquid) has been

Nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of 24-hour nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers who were trying to stop smoking. METHODS Nonrandomized, open-label, 6-month clinical trial. METHODS Five public high schools in the Rochester, MN, area. METHODS Twenty-two adolescent

Multidrug poisoning involving nicotine and tramadol.

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A fatal case of multidrug poisoning by tramadol and nicotine is reported. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. Nicotine, a lipid-soluble alkaloid, is one of the most readily available drugs in modern society. A 46-year-old man

Detection of 25C-NBOMe in Three Related Cases.

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An accidental death associated with the use of the designer drug, 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25C-NBOMe), is reported. A 23-year-old Caucasian male experienced severe respiratory distress and died after being subdued by military law enforcement. At autopsy,

Chronic nicotine treatment enhances focal ischemic brain injury and depletes free pool of brain microvascular tissue plasminogen activator in rats.

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Effects of nicotine treatment (4.5 mg/kg of nicotine-free base/day administered s.c. by osmotic minipumps for 14 days) on focal ischemic stroke and expression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cerebral microvessels were studied in rats in vivo

Cardiogenic shock after use of fluoroamphetamine confirmed with serum and urine levels.

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BACKGROUND 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is a para-substituted phenethylamine-type synthetic stimulant that has in recent years gained popularity through internet blogs and market share according to confiscated drug data. No serious toxicity has previously been reported. We report a case of a young man

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