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THE MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE FILMS FORMED BY HEMOCYANIN, TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS, VACCINIA, AND BACTERIUM GALLINARUM.

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5'-Terminal 7-methylguanosine and mRNA function. The effect of enzymatic decapping and of cap analogs on translation of tobacco-mosaic-virus RNA and globin mRNA in vitro.

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1. Decapped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA and rabbit globin mRNA were prepared by enzymic treatment of RNAs with nucleotide pyrophosphatase purified from potato. The extent of removal of 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate (m7GMP) from TMV RNA was at least 97% as estimated by labeling of

Antiviral activity of tobacco smoke condensate on encephalomyocarditis infection in mice.

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A water-soluble nontumorigenic acidic fraction of tobacco smoke condensate of cigarettes has been found to have antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection in mice. The portion of lower molecular weight was inhibitory to the growth of EMC virus, vesicular stomatitis virus,

Effect of capping upon the mRNA properties of satellite tobacco necrosis virus ribonucleic acid.

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The mRNA guanyltransferase-mRNA methyltransferases of vaccinia virions can be used to introduce a 5'-terminal m7g(5')pp(5')Apm... capping group onto the RNA of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV RNA) to yield intact capped STNV RNA. Studies with an in vitro system from wheat germ and limiting

Transgenic chloroplasts are efficient sites for high-yield production of the vaccinia virus envelope protein A27L in plant cellsdagger.

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Orthopoxviruses (OPVs) have recently received increasing attention because of their potential use in bioterrorism and the occurrence of zoonotic OPV outbreaks, highlighting the need for the development of safe and cost-effective vaccines against smallpox and related viruses. In this respect, the

Alcohol, smoking and oral cancer. A 10-year retrospective study at Base Hospital, Yaba.

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This paper is an attempt to document alcohol and smoking habits as risk factors in the aetiology of oral cancer. A retrospective survey of patients who presented with oral cancer at Base Hospital, Yaba (BHY) for 10 years (1987 - 1996) was carried out. Fifty eight patients were surveyed excluding

Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus which expresses immunoreactive plant virus proteins.

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A chimeric transcription unit was assembled consisting of a vaccinia virus promoter linked to a 2400 bp(3) double-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA) made to the 3' end of the genomic RNA of the plant pathogen, tobacco etch virus (TEV). Marker rescue techniques were used to introduce virus recombinant

Evidence for genetic relationship between RNA and DNA viruses from the sequence homology of a putative polymerase gene of bluetongue virus with that of vaccinia virus: conservation of RNA polymerase genes from diverse species.

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The nucleotide sequence of segment 1 of the double stranded RNA genome of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10), encoding the largest viral core protein, VP1, has been determined. Linear sequence analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the 149-K Da protein, a putative component of the viral

Cellular expression of a functional nodavirus RNA replicon from vaccinia virus vectors.

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RNA replication provides a powerful means for the amplification of RNA, but to date it has been found to occur naturally only among RNA viruses. In an attempt to harness this process for the amplification of heterologous mRNAs, both an RNA replicase and its corresponding RNA templates have been

pp60c-src enhances the acetylcholine receptor-dependent catecholamine release in vaccinia virus-infected bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

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Secretion of catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells is a highly regulated process that involves serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylations. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pp60c-src is expressed at high levels and localized to plasma membranes and secretory vesicle membranes in these cells,

Multiple proteins and subgenomic mRNAs may be derived from a single open reading frame on tobacco mosaic virus RNA.

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It has previously been shown that messenger activity for a protein of Mr = ca. 30k exists in RNA fractions extracted from particles of either native or alkali stripped U1 TMV, or from cowpea strain TMV, that are smaller than full genomic length. Analysis of sucrose gradient fractions containing this

Interaction between viruses and monoclonal antibodies studied by surface plasmon resonance.

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An automated biosensor system designed for measuring molecular interactions in real time and without any labelling of the reactants has been used to study the interaction of two animal viruses (vaccinia virus and poliovirus) and two plant viruses (cowpea mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus) with

Initiation factor eIF-4B (IF-M3)-dependent recognition and translation of capped versus uncapped eukaryotic mRNAs.

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Translation of capped and uncapped eukaryotic mRNAs is stimulated by addition of eIF-4B to an mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate system. m7G5 ppp inhibits translation of capped but not uncapped mRNAs and reduces translation of capped vaccinia mRNA to the level obtained with uncapped vaccinia mRNA.

Pharmacological similarities between native brain and heterologously expressed alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors.

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1 We studied the pharmacological properties of native rat brain and heterologously expressed rat alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors immunoprecipitated onto a fixed substrate with the anti-alpha4 antibody mAb 299. 2 Immunodepletion with the anti-beta2 antibody mAb 270 showed that 89% of the

Glycans with Antiviral Activity from Marine Organisms.

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There remains today a critical need for new antiviral agents, particularly in view of the alarming increase in drug resistance and associated issues. The marine environment has been a prolific contributor towards the identification of novel therapeutic agents in the recent few decades. Added to

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