craniofacial abnormalities/hypoxia

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Craniofacial abnormalities, obesity, and hormonal alterations have similar effects in magnitude on the development of nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with acromegaly.

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BACKGROUND In patients with acromegaly, sleep apnea-related hypoxemia results in considerable morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative weight of pathogenic factors in predicting such hypoxemia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 34 acromegaly patients were submitted to

Sleep-disordered breathing in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: three patients.

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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with craniofacial abnormalities that may predispose patients to sleep-related breathing disorders. There is limited literature on the polysomnography findings for children with this syndrome. Three patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome underwent

[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood].

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BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common problem in children. It is characterized by a partial airway obstruction associated with hypoxemia and hypoventilation rather than complete airway obstruction. METHODS Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause but there are other

[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in infants and children].

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by prolonged, generally partial, upper airway obstruction associated with hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia. Main etiological factors include hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids, craniofacial abnormalities with reduction in the upper airway

[Arousal of respiratory origin and upper airway resistance syndrome: pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects].

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BACKGROUND The description of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) let us to recognize the importance of the pair 'respiratory effort-arousal' on sleep-disordered breathing pathophysiology. METHODS First part of this paper reviews knowledge about respiratory arousal pathophysiology. Arousal

Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

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The prevalence of OSAS in children is 0.7-3%, with peak incidence in pre-schoolers. It is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia. Both anatomical (severe nasal obstruction, craniofacial anomalies, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal

Increased cerebral blood flow velocity in children with mild sleep-disordered breathing: a possible association with abnormal neuropsychological function.

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OBJECTIVE Sleep-disordered breathing describes a spectrum of upper airway obstruction in sleep from simple primary snoring, estimated to affect 10% of preschool children, to the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea. Emerging evidence has challenged previous assumptions that primary snoring is benign.

Sleep apnea: clinical investigations in humans.

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Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), a common disorder, is characterized by repetitive episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in hypoxemia and sleep disruption. The consequences of the abnormal breathing during sleep include daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive dysfunction, development of

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options.

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Sleep apnea is an entity characterized by repetitive upper airway obstruction resulting in nocturnal hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. It is estimated that 2%-4% of the middle-aged population has sleep apnea with a predilection in men relative to women. Risk factors of sleep apnea include obesity,

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