cyanogenic glucoside/trifolium

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Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of cyanogenic glucosides in Trifolium species.

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Cyanogenic glucosides were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in 88 Trifolium species grown at the same site. On the basis of the occurrence of cyanogenic glucosides and the linamarin/lotaustralin ratio species could be grouped into five

Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in Phaseolus lunatus and the evolution of oxime-based defenses

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Lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus, is a crop legume that produces the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. In the legumes Lotus japonicus and Trifolium repens, the biosynthesis of these two α-hydroxynitrile glucosides involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP79 and

Honeybees Tolerate Cyanogenic Glucosides from Clover Nectar and Flowers.

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Honeybees (Apis mellifera) pollinate flowers and collect nectar from many important crops. White clover (Trifolium repens) is widely grown as a temperate forage crop, and requires honeybee pollination for seed set. In this study, using a quantitative LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)

Leaching of cyanogenic glucosides and cyanide from white clover green manure.

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Use of crops for green manure as a substitute for chemical fertilizers and pesticides is an important approach towards more sustainable agricultural practices. Green manure from white clover is rich in nitrogen but white clover also produces the cyanogenic glucosides (CGs) linamarin and

Linamarase and other β-glucosidases are present in the cell walls of Trifolium repens L. leaves.

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Linamarase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a specialized β-glucosidase that hydrolyses the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin. Two clones of Trifolium repens L. derived from natural populations, of which one clone exhibited linamarase activity, were used in a comparative study to try to establish the localization of

Phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of Trifolium repens

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Trifolium repens belongs to the family Leguminosae and has been used for therapeutic purposes as traditional medicine. The plant is widely used as fodder and leafy vegetables for human uses. However, there is a lack of a detailed review of its phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties.

Adaptive gains through repeated gene loss: parallel evolution of cyanogenesis polymorphisms in the genus Trifolium (Fabaceae).

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Variation in cyanogenesis (hydrogen cyanide release following tissue damage) was first noted in populations of white clover more than a century ago, and subsequent decades of research have established this system as a classic example of an adaptive chemical defence polymorphism. Here, we document

Aridity shapes cyanogenesis cline evolution in white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

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Adaptive differentiation between populations is often proposed to be the product of multiple interacting selective pressures, although empirical support for this is scarce. In white clover, populations show adaptive differentiation in frequencies of cyanogenesis, the ability to produce hydrogen

Recurrent gene deletions and the evolution of adaptive cyanogenesis polymorphisms in white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

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Understanding the molecular evolution of genes that underlie intraspecific polymorphisms can provide insights into the process of adaptive evolution. For adaptive polymorphisms characterized by gene presence/absence (P/A) variation, underlying loci commonly show signatures of long-term balancing

Searching for the bull's eye: agents and targets of selection vary among geographically disparate cyanogenesis clines in white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

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The recurrent evolution of adaptive clines within a species can be used to elucidate the selective factors and genetic responses that underlie adaptation. White clover is polymorphic for cyanogenesis (HCN release with tissue damage), and climate-associated cyanogenesis clines have evolved throughout

An analysis of the costs and benefits of the cyanogenic system in Trifolium repens L.

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The effect of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin and their hydrolyzing enzyme linamarase was studied in a B2 generation segregating for the genes Ac and Li. Plants containing the glucosides are protected against grazing by snails both in the seedling stage and as adult plants. In

Molecular evolution of the Li/li chemical defence polymorphism in white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

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White clover (Trifolium repens) is naturally polymorphic for cyanogenesis (hydrogen cyanide release following tissue damage). The ecological factors favouring cyanogenic and acyanogenic plants have been examined in numerous studies over the last half century, making this one of the best-documented

Evidence on the molecular basis of the Ac/ac adaptive cyanogenesis polymorphism in white clover (Trifolium repens L).

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White clover is polymorphic for cyanogenesis, with both cyanogenic and acyanogenic plants occurring in nature. This chemical defense polymorphism is one of the longest-studied and best-documented examples of an adaptive polymorphism in plants. It is controlled by two independently segregating genes:

Relationship Between Levels of Cyanide in Sudangrass Hybrids Incorporated into Soil and Suppression of Meloidogyne hapla.

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Sudangrass cv. Trudan 8 has been demonstrated to suppress infection of vegetables by Meloidogyne hapla (Mh). Hydrogen cyanide, released from the degradation of the cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin) during decomposition of Trudan 8, was the primary factor involved in suppression of Mh on vegetables. The

Micro- and macroevolutionary adaptation through repeated loss of a complete metabolic pathway.

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There is growing evidence for the convergent evolution of physically linked gene clusters encoding chemical defense pathways. Metabolic clusters are proposed to evolve because they ensure co-inheritance of all required genes where the defense is favored, and prevent inheritance of toxic partial

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