cytidine/diarrhea

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Use of nucleotides in weanling rats with diarrhea induced by a lactose overload: effect on the evolution of diarrhea and weight and on the histopathology of intestine, liver and spleen.

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Until recently, dietary sources of nucleotides were thought not to be essential for good nutrition. Certain states with higher metabolic demands may require larger amounts that cannot be provided by endogenous production. The objective of the present study was to determine the action of nucleotides

Early severe toxicities after capecitabine intake: possible implication of a cytidine deaminase extensive metabolizer profile.

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We report here the case of a 19-year-old female patient who suffered from extremely severe toxicities (G4 mucitis, fever, diarrhea, alteration of general state) while undergoing low-dose capecitabine treatment for her metastatic corticosurrenaloma. The severe toxicities stopped as soon as treatment

Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.

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A base-modified nucleoside analogue, beta-D-N(4)-hydroxycytidine (NHC), was found to have antipestivirus and antihepacivirus activities. This compound inhibited the production of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) RNA in a dose-dependant manner with a 90% effective concentration (EC(90))

Therapy of refractory/relapsed acute leukemia with cytosine arabinoside plus tetrahydrouridine (an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase)--a pilot study.

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Thirty two patients with refractory or recurrent acute leukemia or blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia were treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), 100 mg/m2 [group I (n = 15)] or 200 mg/m2 [group II (n = 18)], and tetrahydrouridine (THU) 350 mg/m2, given concurrently as a 3

Molecular characterization of the cis-prenyltransferase of Giardia lamblia.

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Giardia lamblia, the protist that causes diarrhea, makes an Asn-linked-glycan (N-glycan) precursor that contains just two sugars (GlcNAc(2)) attached by a pyrophosphate linkage to a polyprenol lipid. Because the candidate cis-prenyltransferase of Giardia appears to be more similar to bacterial

Characterization of nucleobases and nucleosides in the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla collected from different cultivation regions.

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The fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, known as Yizhi, Yakuchi and Ikji in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, respectively, has been utilized as an important drug for the treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, spermatorrhea, kidney asthenia and abdominal pain in East Asian traditional medicine for thousands of

Standard versus continuous administration of capecitabine in metastatic breast cancer (GEICAM/2009-05): a randomized, noninferiority phase II trial with a pharmacogenetic analysis.

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BACKGROUND The approved capecitabine regimen as monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is 1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily for 2 weeks on and 1 week off (Cint). Dose modifications are often required because of severe hand-foot syndrome (HFS). We tested a continuous regimen with a lower daily dose

Template nucleotide moieties required for de novo initiation of RNA synthesis by a recombinant viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

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The recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the bovine viral diarrhea virus specifically requires a cytidylate at the 3' end for the de novo initiation of RNA synthesis (C. C. Kao, A. M. Del Vecchio, and W. Zhong, Virology 253:1-7, 1999). Using RNAs containing nucleotide analogs, we found that

Pharmacological study of oral CDP-choline. Interaction with oxotremorine on the parasympathetic system.

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The efficacy of an oral treatment of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) is studied with reference to the effects on parasympathetic stimulation provoked by oxotremorine administration in mice. A decrease in sialorrhea, diarrhea and induced hypothermia is observed.

Hydrolysis of capecitabine to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine by human carboxylesterases and inhibition by loperamide.

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Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil that is indicated for the treatment of breast and colorectal cancers. A three-step in vivo-targeted activation process requiring carboxylesterases, cytidine deaminase, and thymidine phosphorylase converts capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil.

Phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine at 3-h infusion in refractory, heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors.

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Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a nucleoside analog with antitumor activity against a variety of malignancies. The critical enzyme cytidine kinase is saturated at plasma concentrations achieved after a 30-min infusion at conventional doses. Prolonged infusion time may yield higher

Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of two different schedules of LY2334737, an oral gemcitabine prodrug, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

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BACKGROUND This Phase-I-study aimed to determine the recommended Phase-II-dosing-schedule of LY2334737, an oral gemcitabine prodrug, in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Pharmacokinetics, cytokeratin-18 (CK18) levels, genetic polymorphisms, and antitumor activity were additionally

[Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with oral administration of N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (PLAC)].

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A phase II clinical trial on MDS was conducted in a cooperative study with orally administrable ara-C analogue, PLAC, which is resistant to cytidine deaminase and had shown an anti-tumor activity on various experimental tumors by oral route. Fifty MDS (3 RA, 18 RAEB, 11 RAEB-T, 18 RAEB-blast crisis

Novel Genetic Variants in Carboxylesterase 1 Predict Severe Early-Onset Capecitabine-Related Toxicity.

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An important concern with the anticancer drug capecitabine (Cp), an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, are dose-limiting adverse effects, in particular hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and diarrhea. Here we evaluated the association of genetic variability in all enzymes of the Cp-activation pathway to

Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort.

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BACKGROUND Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses. OBJECTIVE We intended to report most common monogenic PADs and to investigate how patients with PAD who

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