An Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding the enzyme beta-carotene hydroxylase was identified by functional complementation in Escherichia coli. The product of this cDNA adds hydroxyl groups to both beta rings of the symmetrical beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene) to form zeaxanthin
Carotenoids with cyclic end groups are essential components of the photosynthetic membranes in all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. These lipid-soluble compounds protect against photooxidation, harvest light for photosynthesis, and dissipate excess light energy absorbed by the antenna pigments. The
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