desmosterol/atrophy

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A new cholesterol biosynthesis and absorption disorder associated with epilepsy, hypogonadism, and cerebro-cerebello-bulbar degeneration.

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BACKGROUND Cholesterol is one of the main components of human cell membranes and constitutes an essential substance in the central nervous system, endocrine system, and its hormones, including sex hormones. METHODS A 19-year-old male patient presented with failure to thrive, psychomotor

Biosynthesis of membrane cholesterol during peripheral nerve development, degeneration and regeneration.

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Biosynthesis of peripheral nerve cholesterol was investigated by the in vivo and in vitro incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into sciatic endoneurium of normal rats during development, degeneration and regeneration. Labeled sterols were rapidly formed (less than 10 min) within the endoneurial portion

Changes in cholesterol biosynthetic and transport pathways after excitotoxicity.

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The present study was carried out to elucidate changes in the gene expression and activity of cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes and transporters in the rat hippocampus after kainate excitotoxicity. Significantly increased cholesterol level was detected in the degenerating hippocampus, reaching double

Free sterols in senile human brain.

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Autopsy material of 18 patients, who died between 66-86 years of age and of 4 ones, who died between 20 and 38 years of age was investigated. The white matter of frontal lobe, corpus callosum and cerebellum was studied using histological and biochemical methods. According to the results of

Desmosterolosis presenting with multiple congenital anomalies.

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Desmosterolosis is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome caused by a defect in the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysterol delta-24-reductase (DHCR24) in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Defects in this enzyme cause increased level of the cholesterol precursor desmosterol while disrupting development

N,N-Dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide Reduces Retinal Cholesterol via Partial Inhibition of Retinal Cholesterol Biosynthesis Rather Than its Liver X Receptor Transcriptional Activity.

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N,N-dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA) is an experimental pharmaceutical and a steroidal liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, which does not induce undesired hepatic lipogenesis. Herein, DMHCA was evaluated for its retinal effects on normal C57BL/6J and Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/- mice; the latter having

Comprehensive hippocampal metabolite responses to PM2.5 in young mice.

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure alters brain development, clinical cognition and behavior in childhood. Previous studies of this subject have mainly been epidemiological investigations or analyses of gene and protein levels; however, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based

CYP46A1, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol degradation, is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease.

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Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin (Exp-HTT) leading to degeneration of striatal neurons. Altered brain cholesterol homeostasis has been implicated in Huntington's disease, with increased accumulation of

E2012-induced cataract and its predictive biomarkers.

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E2012, a gamma secretase modulator without affecting Notch processing, aimed at Alzheimer's disease by reduction of amyloid β-42, induced cataract following repeated doses in the rat. Cataract appeared first at week 10-11 of treatment as a posterior subcapsular area with granular/punctate opaque or

Retinal Cholesterol Content Is Reduced in Simvastatin-Treated Mice Due to Inhibited Local Biosynthesis Albeit Increased Uptake of Serum Cholesterol.

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Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, are currently being investigated for treatment of age-related macular degeneration, a retinal disease. Herein, retinal and serum concentrations of four statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin) were evaluated after mice were

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