Since relative or absolute insulin deficiency and insulin insensitivity are involved in the aetiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we examined whether patients with NIDDM exhibit genetic variability in the coding region of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a candidate gene
This paper presents a series of 10 hypotheses on the etiology of type 1 diabetes. We begin with the hypothesis that wheat gluten is one of the elusive environmental triggers in type 1 diabetes. Habitual consumption of wheat gluten increases the intestinal synthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. This
Some type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients have been reported to exhibit T cell reactivity to wheat gluten. We tested the hypothesis that this T cell reactivity could be abolished by using prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP), an enzyme that cleaves peptide bonds after proline. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
While diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, nutrient metabolic pathways like amino acid and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are also profoundly perturbed. As glycemic control alone does not prevent complications, we hypothesized that these metabolic disruptions are responsible for the
BACKGROUND
Autoantibodies (A) against Neuropeptide Y (NPY), was reported in 9% newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs16139 (T1128C) within the NPY-gene identified an amino acid substitution from leucine (L) to proline (P) (L7P) associated with
Diabetic-induced peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a highly complex and frequent diabetic late complication, which is manifested by prolonged hyperglycemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of nerve damage and sensory loss remain largely unclear. Recently, alteration in
Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency. The histone deacetylase SIRT1 plays an essential role in modulating several age-related diseases. Here we describe a family carrying a mutation in the SIRT1 gene, in which all five affected members
The role of the glucokinase gene in the development of diabetes in a group of 349 Japanese subjects with late-onset Type 2 diabetes was examined. These diabetic subjects and 197 non-diabetic controls were typed at two simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphisms in the glucokinase gene termed GCK2 and
Amyloid deposits are found in pancreatic islets of 90% of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects at postmortem. Islet amyloid is formed from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). IAPP is a 37 amino acid peptide which is a normal constituent of beta cells and is co-secreted with insulin in
The acidic soluble fraction of whole saliva of type 1 diabetic children was analyzed by reversed phase (RP)(1)-HPLC-ESI-MS and compared with that of sex- and age-matched control subjects. Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins (aPRP), histatins, α-defensins, salivary cystatins, statherin,
Variations in the coding regions of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene have recently been suggested to contribute to the susceptibility of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the IRS-1 missense mutations at codons 972
Insulin lispro, a recombinant insulin analogue, is identical to human insulin except for the transposition of proline and lysine at positions 28 and 29 in the C-terminus of the B chain. The resultant reduced capacity for self-association in solution translates into more rapid absorption of insulin
Adis CommentsPramlintide [AC 0137, AC 137, tripro-amylin, Symlin] is a synthetic human amylin analogue with proline substitutions at positions 25, 28 and 29, which limits the self-aggregation seen with native amylin. Pramlintide improves glycaemic control, and appears to reduce postprandial blood
Sh2b3/Lnk consisting of an N-terminal proline-rich region, PH-, SH2-domains and a tyrosine phosphorylation site, forms an intracellular adaptor protein family conserved from drosophila to mammals, together with Sh2b1/SH2-B and Sh2b2/APS (adaptor protein with PH and SH2 domains). Lnk negatively
The effects of zinc supplementation on hippocampal neurogenesis in diabetes mellitus have not been studied. Herein, we investigated the effects of zinc plus cyclo-(His-Pro) (ZC) on neurogenesis occurring in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. ZC (27
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