flavanone/zea mays

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The petunia homologue of the Antirrhinum majus candi and Zea mays A2 flavonoid genes; homology to flavanone 3-hydroxylase and ethylene-forming enzyme.

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The synthesis of anthocyanins in higher plants involves many enzymatic steps. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA, ant17, which encodes a protein that has 73% amino acid sequence identity with the candi gene product of Antirrhinum majus and 48% with that of the maize a2

Flavanone 3-hydroxylase transcripts and flavonol accumulation are temporally coordinate in maize anthers.

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Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) activity is necessary for the production of both flavonols and anthocyanins. Flavonols are required for functional pollen in maize whereas anthocyanins are non-essential pigments. A cDNA for F3H was isolated from Zea mays using a heterologous sequence from Antirrhinum

Modulatory effect of naringenin on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and saturated sodium chloride-induced gastric carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats.

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Naringenin is a flavanone that is believed to have many biological actions, including as an anti-oxidant, free radical scavenger and an antiproliferative agent. The global incidence of gastric carcinoma is increasing rapidly, more than for any other cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we tested

Analysis of bHLH and MYB domain proteins: species-specific regulatory differences are caused by divergent evolution of target anthocyanin genes.

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The regulatory anthocyanin loci, an1, an2, an4 and an11 of Petunia hybrida, and r and c1 from Zea mays, control transcription of different sets of target genes. Both an2 and c1 encode a MYB-type protein. This study reports the isolation of a P. hybrida gene, jaf13, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix

Microsomal flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase from maize seedlings.

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Identification of flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase establishes another reaction in the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds in maize (Zea mays L.). The flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase was obtained as a microsomal enzyme preparation by buffer extraction of 5 day old maize seedlings and ultracentrifugation.

Root exudates drive interspecific facilitation by enhancing nodulation and N2 fixation.

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Plant diversity in experimental systems often enhances ecosystem productivity, but the mechanisms causing this overyielding are only partly understood. Intercropping faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) result in overyielding and also, enhanced nodulation by faba beans. By using

Isoflavonoids in non-leguminous taxa: a rarity or a rule?

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Isoflavonoids are characteristic metabolites in legumes and an overwhelming number of reports concerning them come from the Leguminosae. Nevertheless, the spectrum of isoflavonoid producing taxa includes the representatives of four classes of multicellular plants, namely the Bryopsida, the

The wp mutation of Glycine max carries a gene-fragment-rich transposon of the CACTA superfamily.

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We used soybean (Glycine max) cDNA microarrays to identify candidate genes for a stable mutation at the Wp locus in soybean, which changed a purple-flowered phenotype to pink, and found that flavanone 3-hydroxylase cDNAs were overexpressed in purple flower buds relative to the pink. Restriction

Novel exon combinations generated by alternative splicing of gene fragments mobilized by a CACTA transposon in Glycine max.

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BACKGROUND The recent discoveries of transposable elements carrying host gene fragments such as the Pack-MULEs (Mutator-like transposable elements) of maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, the Helitrons of maize and the Tgm-Express of soybeans, revealed a widespread genetic

The Identification of Maize and Arabidopsis Type I FLAVONE SYNTHASEs Links Flavones with Hormones and Biotic Interactions.

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Flavones are a major group of flavonoids with diverse functions and are extensively distributed in land plants. There are two different classes of FLAVONE SYNTHASE (FNS) enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the flavanones into flavones. The FNSI class comprises soluble

Antifibrotic Mechanism of Pinocembrin: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and TGF-β /Smad Inhibition in Rats.

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BACKGROUND The present study aimed to elucidate the potential antifibrotic effects of pinocembrin (PIN), a flavanone found abundantly in honey and propolis, by studying its effect on different oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrosis markers in an experimental model of CCl4-induced liver

Flavonoid synthesis in Petunia hybrida: partial characterization of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes.

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In this paper we describe the organization and expression of the genes encoding the flavonoid-biosynthetic enzyme dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) in Petunia hybrida. A nearly full-size DFR cDNA clone (1.5 kb), isolated from a corolla-specific cDNA library was compared at the nucleotide level with

Expression of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins after transformation of alfalfa with maize Lc.

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Three anthocyanin regulatory genes of maize (Zea mays; Lc, B-Peru, and C1) were introduced into alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in a strategy designed to stimulate the flavonoid pathway and alter the composition of flavonoids produced in forage. Lc constructs included a full-length gene and a gene with a

The Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB12 is a flavonol-specific regulator of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.

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Comprehensive functional data on plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors is still scarce compared to the manifold of their occurrence. Here, we identified the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB12 as a flavonol-specific activator of flavonoid biosynthesis. Transient

Maize Lc transcription factor enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanins, distinct proanthocyanidins and phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.).

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Flavonoids are a large family of polyphenolic compounds with manifold functions in plants. Present in a wide range of vegetables and fruits, flavonoids form an integral part of the human diet and confer multiple health benefits. Here, we report on metabolic engineering of the flavonoid biosynthetic

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