In the present study, we aimed to elucidate how strategies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation and the antioxidant defense system changed during transition from C₃ to C₄ photosynthesis, by using the model genus Flaveria, which contains species belonging to different steps in C₄ evolution.
C3 and C4 plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. They are sub-divided in three classes: α, β and γ, being distributed between both photosynthetic subtypes. The C4 dicotyledon species Flaveria bidentis (L.) "Kuntze" contains a small gene family
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the interconversion of CO(2) and bicarbonate, the forms of inorganic carbon used by the primary carboxylating enzymes of C(3) and C(4) plants, respectively. Multiple forms of CA are found in both photosynthetic subtypes; however, the number of isoforms and the
The prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from chloroform extract (CE) of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity was investigated using rats. CE and OA at three different doses were tested by administering orally to the ethanol treated animals during the last week
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