Methylated flavonoids possess improved bioactivities compared to their unmethylated counterparts. In this study, for the efficient production of O-methylated flavonoids from simple methylated phenylpropanoic acids, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL)
Floral organs in rice (Oryza sativa) can be purple, brown, or red in color due to the accumulation of flavonoids, but the molecular mechanism underlying specific organ pigmentation is not clear. Here, we propose a C-S-A gene model for rice hull pigmentation and characterize it through genetic,