hexokinase/obesity

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Exercise increases hexokinase II mRNA, but not activity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Glucose phosphorylation, catalyzed by hexokinase, is the first committed step in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Hexokinase II (HKII) is the isoform that is present in muscle and is regulated by insulin and muscle contraction. Glucose phosphorylation and HKII expression are both reduced in obese

Insulin-induced hexokinase II expression is reduced in obesity and NIDDM.

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NIDDM and obesity are characterized by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle. It has been suggested that impaired glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed in muscle by hexokinase (HK)II, may contribute to this insulin resistance. Insulin is known to increase HKII

Mononuclear leukocytes from obese patients with type II diabetes have reduced activity of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

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In the present study we measured the activity of some cytosolic enzymes involved in intracellular glucose metabolism in mononuclear leukocytes from 77 obese subjects of which 39 were nondiabetic and 38 had newly-diagnosed untreated type II diabetes mellitus. 28 subjects (19 nondiabetic and 18

Changes in pancreatic islet glucokinase and hexokinase activities with increasing age, obesity, and the onset of diabetes.

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We examined changes in high- and low-Km glucose phosphorylating activity in pancreatic islet extracts from the prediabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat between 5-6 weeks and 12 weeks of age (after the onset of diabetes). Comparisons were made between the activity observed in the ZDF rat and that

Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphorylase levels in hereditarily obese-hyperglycemic mice.

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Changes in fat mass influence SREBP-1c and UCP-2 gene expression in formerly obese subjects.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fat mass (FM) reduction on adipose tissue gene expression in terms of lipid synthesis [sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c)] and lipid oxidation [uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2)] 2 years after lipid malabsorption and to assess the influence of lipid

Overexpression of hexokinase I in isolated islets of Langerhans via recombinant adenovirus. Enhancement of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion at basal but not stimulatory glucose levels.

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Glucose metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are thought to be controlled at the level of glucose phosphorylation in pancreatic islet beta-cells. In the current study we have investigated the importance of glucose phosphorylation by using recombinant adenovirus as a gene delivery

Regulation of pathways of glucose metabolism in the kidney. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolytic route and the regulation of phosphofructokinase in the kidney of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice; comparison with effects of diabetes.

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The activities of enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate pathway and NADPH-linked enzymes have been measured in the kidneys of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and their lean litter mates. The renal content of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), fructose

Obesity and thyroid function. 3. Relationship between some indicators of thyroid function and the energy metabolism of striated muscle in obese women.

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1. In a group of 23 obese women the relations between some indicators of thyroid function (thyroxine-binding globuline--T4BG, triiodothyronine-binding globuline--T3BG, Achilles tendon reflex--ART) on the one hand and activities of enzymes of the energy metabolism (hexokinase--HK, triose phosphate

Effect of protracted intermittent fasting on the activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, and on the concentrations of glycogen, protein and DNA in skeletal muscle of obese women.

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In the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese women the glycogen concentration was significantly lower than in the control group, while protein and DNA values showed no significant differences. After 37 days of intermittent fasting, which consisted of repeated 5-day fasts alternating with 3-day

Activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism in striated muscle of obese subjects with respect to body composition.

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The effect of obesity on the activity of some enzymes of energy supplying metabolism was studied in male and female groups of different body weight, using tissue samples of m. quadriceps femoris obtained by a biopsy needle. Both obese males and females displayed a distinct tendency towards anaerobic

Adaptation of skeletal muscle characteristics to a high-fat diet in rats with different intra-abdominal-obesity susceptibilities.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between intra-abdominal-obesity susceptibility and the adaptation of skeletal muscle metabolic and histochemical characteristics when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a short period of time. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed a HFD

The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity on glucose transport and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle.

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Defects of glucose transport and phosphorylation may underlie insulin resistance in obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To test this hypothesis, dynamic imaging of 18F-2-deoxy-glucose uptake into midthigh muscle was performed using positron emission tomography during basal

Effects on muscle of dieting with or without exercise in overweight postmenopausal women.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an energy-restrictive, high-protein diet with or without exercise on muscle morphology and biochemistry. Moderately overweight postmenopausal women (49-58 yr, body mass index: 25-42 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three groups for 12 wk of

Metabolic changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese people. Enzyme activity patterns of energy-supplying metabolism.

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1. In biopsy samples of the lateral part of m. quadriceps femoris of 49 obese and 14 lean persons the activities of the following enzymes were investigated: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), glycerolphosphate: nad dehydrogenase (GPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), malate: NAD

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