hookworm infections/protease

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Cure of hookworm infection with a cysteine protease inhibitor.

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BACKGROUND Hookworm disease is a major global health problem and principal among a number of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) for the chronic disability inflicted that impacts both personal and societal productivity. Mass drug administration most often employs single-dose therapy with just two

A highly expressed intestinal cysteine protease of Ancylostoma ceylanicum protects vaccinated hamsters from hookworm infection.

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Human hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum) are intestinal blood-feeding parasites that infect ~500 million people worldwide and are among the leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia in the developing world. Drugs are useful against hookworm

A family of cathepsin B cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, Necator americanus.

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mRNAs encoding cathepsin B-like cysteine proteases (CatBs) are abundantly expressed in the genomes of blood-feeding nematodes. Recombinant CatBs have been partially efficacious in vaccine trials in animal models of hookworm infection, supporting further investigation of these enzymes as new control

Cloning and characterisation of an aspartyl protease inhibitor (API-1) from Ancylostoma hookworms.

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Hookworm infection persists as a public health problem in developing nations. Vaccine-based strategies offer the best chance of long-term control. Aspartyl protease inhibitors from parasitic nematodes are highly immunogenic, and have been suggested as potential vaccine antigens. An aspartyl protease

Hookworm aspartic protease, Na-APR-2, cleaves human hemoglobin and serum proteins in a host-specific fashion.

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Hookworms are voracious blood-feeders. The cloning and functional expression of an aspartic protease, Na-APR-2, from the human hookworm Necator americanus are described here. Na-APR-2 is more similar to a family of nematode-specific, aspartic proteases than it is to cathepsin D or pepsin, and the

Expression and characterization of aspartic protease gene in eggs and larvae stage of Ancylostoma caninum.

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Hookworm infection is still a public health problem in developing countries. Aspartic protease plays an important role in parasite invasion and migration in the host. Aspartic protease gene from Ancylostoma caninum has been reported (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227:294-302, 1996), but the activity of

Molecular characterization of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor: evidence for a role in hookworm-associated growth delay.

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Hookworm infection is a major cause of iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition in developing countries. The Ancylostoma ceylanicum Kunitz-type inhibitor (AceKI) is a 7.9-kDa broad-spectrum inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic elastase that has previously been isolated from adult

Odanacatib, a Cathepsin K Cysteine Protease Inhibitor, Kills Hookworm In Vivo.

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Hookworm infection is chief among soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) for the chronic morbidly inflicted. Deworming via mass drug administration (MDA) programs most often employs single doses of benzimidazole drugs to which resistance is a constant threat. To discover new drugs, we employ a

Vaccination with recombinant aspartic hemoglobinase reduces parasite load and blood loss after hookworm infection in dogs.

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BACKGROUND Hookworms infect 730 million people in developing countries where they are a leading cause of intestinal blood loss and iron-deficiency anemia. At the site of attachment to the host, adult hookworms ingest blood and lyse the erythrocytes to release hemoglobin. The parasites subsequently

An enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from Necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection.

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Hookworms digest hemoglobin from erythrocytes via a proteolytic cascade that begins with the aspartic protease, APR-1. Ac-APR-1 from the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, protects dogs against hookworm infection via antibodies that neutralize enzymatic activity and interrupt blood-feeding. Toward

Vaccination of dogs with a recombinant cysteine protease from the intestine of canine hookworms diminishes the fecundity and growth of worms.

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We expressed a catalytically active cysteine protease, Ac-CP-2, from the blood-feeding stage of the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum and vaccinated dogs with the purified protease. Dogs acquired high-titer, antigen-specific antibody responses, and adult hookworms recovered from the intestines of

Twenty-first century progress toward the global control of human hookworm infection.

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Hookworms are bloodsucking nematodes that afflict up to 740 million persons in tropical and subtropical regions, with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa exhibiting particularly high infection rates. Prevalence, intensity, and pathology often vary considerably at both the regional and local level, and may

Peptide-based subunit vaccine against hookworm infection.

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Hookworms infect more people than HIV and malaria combined, predominantly in third world countries. Treatment of infection with chemotherapy can have limited efficacy and re-infections after treatment are common. Heavy infection often leads to debilitating diseases. All these factors suggest an

Neutralizing antibodies to the hookworm hemoglobinase Na-APR-1: implications for a multivalent vaccine against hookworm infection and schistosomiasis.

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The aspartic protease of Necator americanus, Na-APR-1, is a vaccine antigen that induces antibodies that neutralize hemoglobin proteolysis in the gut of the worm. To define the epitopes recognized by these antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised and assessed for neutralizing activity.

Lipopeptide-based oral vaccine against hookworm infection.

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The human hookworm, Necator americanus, is a parasite that infects almost half a billion people worldwide. While treatment is available, vaccination is favorable to combat the spread of this parasite due to its wide distribution and continuous reinfection cycle in endemic communities. We have

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