insect bites and stings/protease

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Triapsin, an unusual activatable serine protease from the saliva of the hematophagous vector of Chagas' disease Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

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Salivary anticoagulant activities are widely distributed among hematophagous arthropods. Most of them are inhibitors of the serine proteases of the coagulation cascade. Here we show that the saliva of the exclusively hematophagous insect Triatoma infestans, an important vector in the transmission of

Identification and isolation of cDNA clones encoding the abundant secreted proteins in the saliva proteome of Culicoides nubeculosus.

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Culicoides spp. are vectors of several infectious diseases of veterinary importance and a major cause of allergy in horses and other livestock. Their saliva contains a number of proteins which enable blood feeding, enhance disease transmission and act as allergens. We report the construction of a

Comparison of the biochemical, immunologic and allergenic properties of vespid venoms collected in early and late summer.

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The biochemical, immunologic and allergenic properties of yellow hornet (Vespula arenaria) and bald-faced hornet (Vespula maculata) venoms collected in early and late summer were compared. The phospholipase A content of both hornet venoms decreased in late summer while protease, hyaluronidase and

Recent advances in pathophysiology and current management of itch.

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The neurophysiology of itch, the dominant symptom of skin disease, has previously received scant attention. Recent advances in the neurophysiology and molecular basis of itch include the use of microneurography to demonstrate the existence of a subset of itch-dedicated afferent C neurons distinct

[Hereditary angioedema in the German-speaking region].

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A multicentre, retrospective study of hereditary deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) function, a deficiency which clinically manifests as hereditary angioedema (HAE), was performed in six centres in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 242 individuals were registered with proven functional or

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in a patient with widespread prurigo nodularis.

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Skin lesions associated with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are becoming better defined and understood. Deficiency in this major antiproteinase, which neutralizes multiple proteolytic enzymes ranging from collagenases and elastases to trypsin and chymotrypsin, thus results in significant tissue

A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum.

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Zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum (entomophthoromycosis basidiobolae, subcutaneous zygomycosis, subcutaneous phycomycosis, basidiobolomycosis) is a granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues characterized by the formation of fluctuant firm and non-tender swellings, generally

Recommendations for the Use of Tryptase in the Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis and Clonal Mastcell Disorders.

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Tryptase is a serin-protease produced and released by mast cells after IgE-mediated or non-IgE mediated stimuli. We here review the various aspects related to the molecular characteristics of the enzyme and its biological effects, the genetic basis of its production and the release kinetics.

Zygomycetes in human disease.

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The Zygomycetes represent relatively uncommon isolates in the clinical laboratory, reflecting either environmental contaminants or, less commonly, a clinical disease called zygomycosis. There are two orders of Zygomycetes containing organisms that cause human disease, the Mucorales and the

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