lysophosphatidylcholine/atrophy

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Loss of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 leads to photoreceptor degeneration in rd11 mice.

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Retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, are a leading cause of untreatable blindness with substantive impact on the quality of life of affected individuals and their families. Mouse mutants with retinal dystrophies have provided a valuable resource

AAV-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcat1) gene replacement therapy rescues retinal degeneration in rd11 mice.

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OBJECTIVE The retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mouse is a newly discovered, naturally occurring animal model with early photoreceptor dysfunction and rapid rod photoreceptor degeneration followed by cone degeneration. The rd11 mice carry a spontaneous mutation in the lysophosphatidylcholine

Platelet-Activating Factor Deteriorates Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Demyelination Via Its Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Effects

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Accumulating evidence suggests that platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases the inflammatory response in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, PAF receptor (PAFR) antagonists do not show therapeutic efficacy for MS, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In

Effects of Subretinal Gene Transfer at Different Time Points in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration.

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Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is necessary for photoreceptors to generate an important lipid component of their membranes. The absence of LPCAT1 results in early and rapid rod and cone degeneration. Retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mice carry a mutation in the Lpcat1 gene, and are

Myelin lipids in Wallerian degeneration of the rabbit optic nerve.

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Wallerian degeneration of the rabbit optic nerve was produced by enucleation and the myelin output as well as its lipid composition were studied. In spite of the marked drop in the myelin mass, occurring very soon after enucleation the lipid composition of the corresponding myelin fractions did not

Effects of endogenous and exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine in isolated perfused rat hearts.

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In isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts, treatment with exogenous palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (P-LPC; 3-50 microM) under normoxic conditions, resulted in reduced heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF) and contractile function. After 30 min Krebs perfusion, following P-LPC infusion, HR and CF

Early stimulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis during Wallerian degeneration of rat sciatic nerve.

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Phospholipid metabolism was studied in rat sciatic nerve during Wallerian degeneration induced by crush injury. Portions of crushed sciatic nerve, incubated with labeled substrates, showed significantly higher phosphatidylcholine synthesis than normal nerve, prior to any measurable alterations of

Cryogel scaffolds for regionally constrained delivery of lysophosphatidylcholine to central nervous system slice cultures: A model of focal demyelination for multiple sclerosis research.

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The pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is typified by focal demyelinated areas of the brain and spinal cord, which results in axonal degeneration and atrophy. Although the field has made much progress in developing immunomodulatory therapies to reduce the occurrence of these focal lesions, there

Alteration of lipid composition of rat thymus during thymic atrophy by whole-body X-irradiation.

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OBJECTIVE Thymic atrophy induced by irradiation is well known, but in vivo lipid metabolism during the atrophy has not been studied in detail. We determined the lipid composition of rat thymus during the progress of thymic atrophy induced by whole-body X-irradiation. METHODS The lipid analysis of

Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Reveals Axon Degeneration Concomitant With Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in an LPC Model of Demyelination

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Demyelination and axon degeneration are major events in all neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Intoxication of oligodendrocytes with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is often used as a selective model of focal and reversible demyelination thought to have no incidence for neurons.

Mutations in PNPLA6 are linked to photoreceptor degeneration and various forms of childhood blindness.

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Blindness due to retinal degeneration affects millions of people worldwide, but many disease-causing mutations remain unknown. PNPLA6 encodes the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6, also known as neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which is the target of toxic organophosphates that

Phospholipase A2 plays an important role in myelin breakdown and phagocytosis during Wallerian degeneration.

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Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonic acid. The former can induce myelin breakdown and the latter, via eicosanoids, can stimulate inflammatory responses. Immunohistochemical analysis of secreted (sPLA(2)) and cytosolic (cPLA(2)) forms

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protects against cytotoxicity induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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The degree of fatty acid unsaturation in membrane phospholipids affects many membrane-associated functions and can be influenced by dietary consumption of fatty acids such as saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Cells must adapt to changes in composition of membrane fatty

Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Early Dominant Optic Atrophy Signature in Optic Nerves of Opa1delTTAG/+ Mice.

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Dominant optic atrophy (MIM No. 165500) is a blinding condition related to mutations in OPA1, a gene encoding a large GTPase involved in mitochondrial inner membrane dynamics. Although several mouse models mimicking the disease have been developed, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for

Phospholipase A2-derived lysophosphatidylcholine triggers Ca2+ entry in dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease caused by the absence of dystrophin, a structural protein normally located under the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers. Muscle degeneration occurring in this disease is thought to be partly caused by increased Ca(2+) entry through sarcolemmal

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