Phytocystatins (PhyCys) comprise a group of inhibitors for cysteine proteinases in plants. They play a wide range of important roles in regulating endogenous processes and protecting plants against various environmental stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we
Phytocystatins are a well-characterized class of naturally occurring protease inhibitors that prevent the catalysis of papain-like cysteine proteases. The action of cystatins in stress tolerance has been studied intensively, but relatively little is known about their functions in plants during leaf
OBJECTIVE
To isolate and identify endophytic fungi from Malus sieboldii, and detect cytotoxicity, protease inhibition and antifungal activities of their crude extracts.
METHODS
The fungi were identified with the aid of morphology or Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA molecular methods. Fungal
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