ototoxicity/phosphatase

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[Ototoxicity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics (author's transl)].

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A report is given on advances in our knowledge of the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin in the inner ear, cerebrospinal fluid, compartments of the eye and serum were determined by means of pharmacokinetical

[Pharmacokinetical, histological, and histochemical investigation on the ototoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin (author's transl)].

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The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in the inner ear fluids and serum of the guinea pig were studied. The concentrations of these antibiotics were determined by a microbiological method and could be confirmed by the use of 14C-labeled gentamicin. Retention was clearly

Leupeptin protects cochlear and vestibular hair cells from gentamicin ototoxicity.

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Calpains, a family of calcium-activated proteases that breakdown proteins, kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors, can promote cell death. Since leupeptin, a calpain inhibitor, protected against hair cell loss from acoustic overstimulation, we hypothesized that it might protect cochlear and

Once-a-day administration of amikacin in neonates: assessment of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

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Neonates, especially preterms, are known to have low glomerular filtration rates (GFR). This may result in elevated trough concentrations during multiple administration of aminoglycosides (AGs), potentially leading to nephro- and ototoxic reactions. The once-daily administration (q.d.) of AGs has

PINK1 Protects Auditory Hair Cells and Spiral Ganglion Neurons from Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity via Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathway.

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Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase, which acts as a molecular sensor of mitochondrial health necessary for mitochondrial quality control. The present study was designed to examine whether PINK1 expressed in C57BL/6 murine

The sulfhydryl containing compounds WR-2721 and glutathione as radio- and chemoprotective agents. A review, indications for use and prospects.

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Radio- and chemotherapy for the treatment of malignancies are often associated with significant toxicity. One approach to reduce the toxicity is the concomitant treatment with chemoprotective agents. This article reviews two sulfhydryl compounds, namely the agent WR-2721 (amifostine), a compound

Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs.

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Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have

Gentamicin Reduces Calcific Nodule Formation by Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells In Vitro.

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OBJECTIVE Gentamicin is a widely employed antibiotic, but may reduce calcium uptake by eukaryotic cells. This study was conducted to determine whether gentamicin reduces calcification by porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells (pAVICs) grown in 2D culture, which is a common model for calcific

Long-term tobramycin aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis.

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The long-term efficacy and safety of aminoglycoside aerosol therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization/infection in cystic fibrosis has not been fully investigated. In the present study, 14 patients with cystic fibrosis, ages 8-19 years (mean: 13.3 years), received tobramycin aerosol therapy

[Efficacy, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

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Since 1973 30 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) or pyelonephritis have been treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside, in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of seven to nine days. From a clinical point of view the result of treatment was good. Complete resolution was achieved in 17

Lysosomal augmentation during aminoglycoside uptake in cochlear hair cells.

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Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as kanamycin, have ototoxic side effects, which often result in degeneration of cochlear and vestibular hair cells in the inner ear. Cytotoxic effects of aminoglycosides, however, do not appear immediately after cellular uptake of aminoglycosides. In order to

Netilmicin: clinical efficacy, tolerance, and toxicity.

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Netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, has increased in vitro bactericidal activity against many strains of Enterobacteriaceae as compared to other aminoglycosides. It is a poor substrate for some of the common gentamicin-inactivating enzymes, and it has minimal toxicity in experimental

Effect of streptomycin on the supporting cells of the utricular macula.

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Morphological changes in utricular supporting cells in the guinea pig following streptomycin sulfate (SM) intoxication were investigated ultrastructurally in vitro, using an organ culture system. The intracellular structures of the supporting cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi

[Preventive effects of cerebro cellular growth peptide on gentamycin-induced inner ear damage in guinea pigs].

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effects of the cerebro cellular growth peptide (CCGP) on gentamycin-induced inner ear damage in guinea pigs, and to clarify its mechanism. METHODS The hypoacusis severity and enzymatic activity in the cochlear hair cells were examined by brainstem auditory

Proteomic analysis of cisplatin-induced cochlear damage: methods and early changes in protein expression.

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To identify early changes in protein expression associated with cisplatin ototoxicity, we used two dimensional-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to analyze proteins from P3 rat cochleae that were cultured for 3h

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