phosphatidyl inositol/obesity

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Proteins spontaneously released by rat insulinoma (RIN) cells are anchored on cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol link and inhibit increased RIN cell adhesion of lymphocytes from type 1 diabetic patients and non-obese diabetic mice in vitro.

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Our group previously reported an assay for the study of lymphocyte adhesion to insulin-producing cells in which xenogeneic rat insulinoma (RIN) cells were used as targets. The present study found an increased number of RIN-cytoadherent lymphocytes in 63 patients with Type 1 diabetes compared with

Lipid phosphatases as a possible therapeutic target in cases of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) functions as a lipid kinase to produce PI(3,4,5)P(3) from PI(4,5)P(2) in vivo. PI(3,4,5)P(3) is crucial as a lipid second messenger in various metabolic effects of insulin. Lipid phosphatases, src homology 2 domain containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the p110beta gene promoter is associated with partial protection from insulin resistance in severely obese adolescents.

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OBJECTIVE Severe juvenile obesity causes metabolic and cardiovascular complications in adulthood. The catalytic p110beta subunit of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase is a major effector of insulin action. We studied the p110beta gene as a candidate gene for association with insulin resistance (IR) and

[The preclinical diagnosis of threatened abortion and late gestosis in pregnant women with normal body weight and obesity].

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Measurements of blood serum phosphatidyl inosites in pregnant women with normal body mass and with obesity in whom pregnancy ran normal or pathological course showed that phosphatidyl inositol levels increased 2-3-fold in case of threatened miscarriage and decreased 2-3-fold if symptoms of late

Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis.

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Recent studies demonstrated a role for hypothalamic insulin and leptin action in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. This regulation involves proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons because suppression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in these neurons blunts the acute effects of

N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional tool to prevent insulin resistance associated to type 2 diabetes and obesity?

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n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), are present in mammal tissues both from endogenous synthesis from desaturation and elongation of 18:3 n-3 and/or from dietary origin (marine products and

Transgenic expression of insulin-response element binding protein-1 in beta-cells reproduces type 2 diabetes.

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Recent evidence supports the idea that insulin signaling through the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in the maintenance of beta-cell mass and function. We previously identified the insulin-response element binding protein-1 (IRE-BP1) as an effector

Fatty acids and insulin resistance in muscle and liver.

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Free fatty acids (FFAs) circulate round the body and represent important nutrients and the key oxidative fuel for the heart and resting skeletal muscle. In addition, FFAs are thought to be potent signalling molecules. Growing evidence indicates that FFAs may be involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus

PI3K in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus mediates estrogenic actions on energy expenditure in female mice.

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Estrogens act in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) to regulate body weight homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these estrogenic effects are unknown. We show that activation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) stimulates neural firing of VMH neurons expressing ERα, and these

Characterization of the adipogenic protein E4orf1 from adenovirus 36 through an in silico approach

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Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) is related to human obesity due to its adipogenic activity mediated by the early 4 open reading frame 1 (E4orf1) protein. Mechanisms underlying the adipogenic effect of E4orf1 are not completely understood; however, the proliferation and differentiation of fat cells are

Insulin receptor binding motif tagged with IgG4 Fc (Yiminsu) works as an insulin sensitizer to activate Akt signaling in hepatocytes.

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Insulin resistance is a key feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Interaction of insulin with the insulin receptor (IR) leads to both its auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the IR substrate (IRS) proteins, initiating the activation of intracellular

Original Research: Polyphenols extracted from grape powder induce lipogenesis and glucose uptake during differentiation of murine preadipocytes.

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Assessing the effects of grapes and grape powder extracted polyphenols on lipogenesis and glucose uptake in adipocytes may clarify the risk/benefit of recommending them to individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated the effect of grape powder extracted polyphenols (GPEP) on

Apolipoprotein B production reduces lipotoxic cardiomyopathy: studies in heart-specific lipoprotein lipase transgenic mouse.

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Lipid accumulation is associated with cardiac dysfunction in diabetes and obesity. Transgenic mice expressing non-transferable lipoprotein lipase (LpL) with a glycosylated phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchor in cardiomyocytes have dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms responsible for lipid

Effects of insulin secretagogues on phospholipid metabolism in pancreatic beta-cells.

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The effect of insulin secretagogues on the incorporation of [32-P] orthophosphate into phospholipids was studied in microdissected islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Increased 32-P-labelling was observed after incubation for 60 min with 10 mM L-leucine, 10 mM L-arginine or 20 mM D-glucose. Most

Involvement of PTP-RQ in differentiation during adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable multipotent progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into several distinct mesenchymal lineages. While MSCs display significant potential in tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the

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