phytoene/zea mays

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Responses to bleaching herbicides by leaf chloroplasts of maize plants grown at different temperatures.

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The effects of growth temperature on chloroplast responses to norflurazon and amitrole, two herbicides inhibiting carotenogenesis, at phytoene desaturation and lycopene cyclization, respectively, were studied in leaves of maize plants grown at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C in light. At the lower

QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.

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Carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin compounds present in maize ( Zea mays L.) that may provide health benefits to animals or humans. Four carotenoid compounds are predominant in maize grain: beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Although beta-carotene has

The maize phytoene synthase gene family: overlapping roles for carotenogenesis in endosperm, photomorphogenesis, and thermal stress tolerance.

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Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection; they also serve as precursors to signaling molecules that influence plant development and biotic/abiotic stress responses. With potential to improve plant yield and nutritional quality, carotenoids are targets for metabolic

Plastid localization of the key carotenoid enzyme phytoene synthase is altered by isozyme, allelic variation, and activity.

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Plant carotenoids have unique physiological roles related to specific plastid suborganellar locations. Carotenoid metabolic engineering could enhance plant adaptation to climate change and improve food security and nutritional value. However, lack of fundamental knowledge on carotenoid pathway

PSY3, a new member of the phytoene synthase gene family conserved in the Poaceae and regulator of abiotic stress-induced root carotenogenesis.

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Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in mediating abiotic stress responses in plants. De novo ABA biosynthesis involves cleavage of carotenoid precursors by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), which is rate controlling in leaves and roots; however, additional bottlenecks in roots must be

Soil Selenium (Se) Biofortification Changes the Physiological, Biochemical and Epigenetic Responses to Water Stress in Zea mays L. by Inducing a Higher Drought Tolerance.

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Requiring water and minerals to grow and to develop its organs, Maize (Zea mays L.) production and distribution is highly rainfall-dependent. Current global climatic changes reveal irregular rainfall patterns and this could represent for maize a stressing condition resulting in yield and

Nucleotide diversity and molecular evolution of the PSY1 gene in Zea mays compared to some other grass species.

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Phytoene synthase (PSY), which is encoded by the phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) gene, is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the plant carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In order to examine the genetic diversity and evolution pattern of PSY1 within the Andropogoneae, sequences of 76 accessions from 5

A Foxtail mosaic virus Vector for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Maize.

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Plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). A limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIGS in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses Brome

Viral Perturbation of Alternative Splicing of a Host Transcript Benefits Infection

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Pathogens disturb alternative splicing patterns of infected eukaryotic hosts. However, in plants it is unknown if this is incidental to infection or represents a pathogen-induced remodeling of host gene expression needed to support infection. Here, we compared changes in transcription and protein

SC-0051, a 2-benzoyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione bleaching herbicide, is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase.

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Growth inhibition of Lemna gibba plantlets by the bleaching herbicide, SC-0051 (2-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione)) was alleviated by the addition of homogentisic acid to the growth medium. Homogentisic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of tyrosine-derived plant

Plastid development in albescent maize.

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Plastid development in albescent (al/al) and wild-type (+/al) strains of Zea mays has been studied in the electron microscope. Etiolated seedlings of the mutant are severely deficient in colored carotenoid pigments and accumulate carotenoid precursors tentatively identified as phytoene and

Light-Stimulated Carotenoid Biosynthesis during Transformation of Maize Etioplasts Is Regulated by Increased Activity of Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate Isomerase.

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Light-stimulated carotenoid biosynthesis associated with the transformation of etioplasts to chloroplasts was investigated after dark-grown maize (Zea mays) seedlings were transferred into light. These studies focused on the enzymes of the pathway to detect those enzyme activities that were

Increase in nutritionally important sweet corn kernel carotenoids following Mesotrione and atrazine applications.

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The herbicide mesotrione inhibits a critical enzyme, phytoene desaturase, in plant carotenoid biosynthesis. Mesotrione is currently labeled for selective weed control in sweet corn ( Zea mays var. rugosa). Mesotrione applied alone, or in mixtures with the photosystem II inhibitor atrazine, acted to

Oxygenic Phototrophs Need ζ-Carotene Isomerase (Z-ISO) for Carotene Synthesis: Functional Analysis in Arthrospira and Euglena.

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For carotenogenesis, two biosynthetic pathways from phytoene to lycopene are known. Most bacteria and fungi require only phytoene desaturase (CrtI), whereas land plants require four enzymes: phytoene desaturase (PDS, CrtP), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS, CrtQ), ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), and

Engineering Maize rayado fino virus for virus-induced gene silencing

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Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) is the type species of the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae. It infects maize (Zea mays), its natural host, to which it is transmitted by leafhoppers including Dalbulus maidis and Graminella nigrifrons in a

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