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Detoxification and amelioration of heavy-metal contaminated forest soils by means of liming and fertilisation.

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Four experiments were established in 1992 in Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) on relatively infertile sites at distances of 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km to the south-east of the Cu-Ni smelter at Harjavalta, south-west Finland, in order to investigate the effects of liming, correction fertiliser and

Elimination and detoxification of softwood extractives by white-rot fungi.

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The ability of several white-rot fungal strains to remove and detoxify acetone extractives (pitch or resin) in Scots pine sapwood was investigated in stationary laboratory batch assays. Fungal pretreatment provided up to 62% total pitch reduction and significant decreases in pitch toxicity. The best

Seasonal variation of organogenetic activity and reserves allocation in the shoot apex of Pinus pinaster Ait.

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OBJECTIVE To understand better the basic growth characteristics of pines and the fundamental properties of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), variations within the shoot apex of buds were studied. METHODS A detailed structural comparison of meristem dimensions, organogenetic activity, and the presence

Proteomic analysis during ontogenesis of secondary xylem in maritime pine.

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Secondary xylem (wood) is formed through an intricate biological process that results in a highly variable final product. Studies have focused on understanding the molecular events for wood formation in conifers. In this process environmental, ontogenic and genetic factors influence variation in

Exposure to chlorinated acetic acids: Responses of peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity in pine needles.

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During long-term exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to trichloro- and monochloroacetic acids via root uptake or acid mist treatments, both substances were removed from the plant tissues by metabolic activity. None of the treated plants exhibited visible stress symptoms at the

Seasonal patterns of ascorbate in the needles of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees: correlation analyses with atmospheric O3 and NO2 gas mixing ratios and meteorological parameters.

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In the present field study the role of ascorbate in scavenging the harmful atmospheric trace gases O3 and NO2 was examined. For this purpose ascorbate contents were determined in needles of adult Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) during three consecutive years. Ascorbate contents were

Removal of nitrogen during needle senescence in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).

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The concentrations of arginine, protein and total nitrogen (N) and the abundance of15N were measured in 3-and 4-year-old needles of Scots pine trees fertilized with either 0 (C), 36 (N1) or 73 (N2) kg N ha-1 year-1 annually for 22 years (average doses of N). Remaining green needles and needles that

Mechanistic and structural studies of apoform, binary, and ternary complexes of the Arabidopsis alkenal double bond reductase At5g16970.

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In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the apoform, binary, and ternary complexes of the Arabidopsis alkenal double bond reductase encoded by At5g16970. This protein, one of 11 homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana, is most closely related to the Pinus taeda phenylpropenal double bond

Structural and functional evolution of positively selected sites in pine glutathione S-transferase enzyme family.

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Phylogenetic analyses have identified positive selection as an important driver of protein evolution, both structural and functional. However, the lack of appropriate combined functional and structural assays has generally hindered attempts to elucidate patterns of positively selected sites and

A mild thermomechanical process for the enzymatic conversion of radiata pine into fermentable sugars and lignin.

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BACKGROUND Conversion of softwoods into sustainable fuels and chemicals is important for parts of the world where softwoods are the dominant forest species. While they have high theoretical sugar yields, softwoods are amongst the most recalcitrant feedstocks for enzymatic processes, typically

Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in Scots pine roots.

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To investigate whether Cd induces common plant defense pathways or unspecific necrosis, the temporal sequence of physiological reactions, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production, changes in ascorbate-glutathione-related antioxidant systems, secondary metabolism (peroxidases, phenolics, and

Effects of trichloroacetic acid on the nitrogen metabolism of Pinus sylvestris--a 13C/15N tracer study.

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Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) can be found in various environmental compartments like air, rain and plants all over the world. It is assumed that TCA is an atmospheric degradation product of volatile chloroorganic hydrocarbons. The herbicide effect of TCA in higher concentrations is well known, but not

Characterization of the Pinus massoniana transcriptional response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection using suppression subtractive hybridization.

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Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the most destructive diseases of pine and poses a threat of serious economic losses worldwide. Although several of the mechanisms involved in disease progression have been discovered, the molecular response of

Yeast diversity associated with invasive Dendroctonus valens killing Pinus tabuliformis in China using culturing and molecular methods.

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Bark beetle-associated yeasts are much less studied than filamentous fungi, yet they are also considered to play important roles in beetle nutrition, detoxification, and chemical communication. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens, an invasive bark beetle introduced from North America,

Mountain pine beetles colonizing historical and naive host trees are associated with a bacterial community highly enriched in genes contributing to terpene metabolism.

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The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a subcortical herbivore native to western North America that can kill healthy conifers by overcoming host tree defenses, which consist largely of high terpene concentrations. The mechanisms by which these beetles contend with toxic compounds are

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