pyrrole/atrophy

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Mixed β-pyrrole substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrins and their metal complexes: optical nonlinearity using degenerate four wave mixing technique.

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We have investigated the roles of structural modification and polar effects in the optical nonlinearities of a series of selectively mixed β-pyrrole functionalized tetraphenylporphyrin, MTPP(CHO)(R)2 (R = H, Br, 2-thienyl, phenyl (Ph), phenylethynyl (PE) compounds and their metal (Cu(II), Zn(II))

The relevance of axonal swellings and atrophy to gamma-diketone neurotoxicity: a forum position paper.

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Traditionally, gamma-diketone neuropathy is classified as a distal axonopathy and has been characterized by giant axonal swellings in CNS and PNS tissues. These swellings contain neurofilamentous masses and are associated with thinning and retraction of the myelin sheath. It has been proposed that

4-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic Acid (HOHA) Lactone is a Biologically Active Precursor for the Generation of 2-(ω-Carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) Derivatives of Proteins and Ethanolamine Phospholipids.

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2-(ω-Carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) derivatives of proteins were previously shown to have significant pathological and physiological relevance to age-related macular degeneration, cancer and wound healing. Previously, we showed that CEPs are generated in the reaction of ε-amino groups of protein lysyl

Subacute toxicity of a halogenated pyrrole hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor in Wistar rats.

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Wistar rats received an hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, a halogenated pyrrole designated PD 123244-15, orally by gavage for 14 days at 10, 50, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Doses of 150-600 mg/kg caused death and marked systemic toxicity involving stomach, esophagus,

Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses.

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Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and

Effects of the A.T/T.A degeneracy of pyrrole--imidazole polyamide recognition in the minor groove of DNA.

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Pairing rules have been developed to predict the sequence specificity of minor groove binding polyamides containing pyrrole (Py) and imidazole (Im) amino acids. An Im/Py pair distinguishes G.C from C.G and both of these from A.T/T.A base pairs. A Py/Py pair appears not to distinguish A.T from T.A

Hydrogen-bonded structures for self-aggregates of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and its binary clusters with pyrrole studied by IR cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

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N-H···π hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) structures were studied by applying vibrational spectroscopy to self-aggregate clusters of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (DMPy) and its binary clusters with pyrrole (Py). The NH stretching vibrations of jet-cooled clusters were observed by IR cavity ringdown spectroscopy. A

Synthesis and structural characterization of carboxyethylpyrrole-modified proteins: mediators of age-related macular degeneration.

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Protein modifications in which the epsilon-amino group of lysyl residues is incorporated into a 2-(omega-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) are mediators of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). They promote both angiogenesis into the retina ('wet AMD') and geographic retinal atrophy ('dry AMD'). Blood

Hepatotoxicity of 1,3,5-trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole derived from nitrosation of Maillard reaction product in BALB/C mouse.

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1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are

Evidence that pyrrole formation is a pathogenetic step in gamma-diketone neuropathy.

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Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the addition of methyl groups at the 3 and 4 positions of the 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) molecule results both in more rapid pyrrole formation and in enhanced neurotoxicity. In order to define more clearly the relationship between rates of

Rat testis during 2,5-hexanedione intoxication and recovery. II. Dynamics of pyrrole reactivity, tubulin content, and microtubule assembly.

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Charles River CD rats (200 g) were intoxicated with 1% 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the drinking water for 5 weeks followed by a 17-week recovery period. Pyrrole reactivity of testis proteins increased early during intoxication and then returned toward normal during recovery. Testis tubulin content

Early indications of monocrotaline pyrrole-induced lung injury in rats.

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Monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), a putative metabolite of the naturally occurring plant toxin, monocrotaline (MCT), causes lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, and right cardioventricular hypertrophy when administered intravenously to rats. The lesions caused by MCTP administration are similar to those

gamma-Diketone neuropathy: axon atrophy and the role of cytoskeletal protein adduction.

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Multifocal giant neurofilamentous axonal swellings and secondary distal degeneration have been historically considered the hallmark features of gamma-diketone neuropathy. Accordingly, research conducted over the past 25 years has been directed toward discerning mechanisms of axonal swelling.

Carboxyethylpyrrole protein adducts and autoantibodies, biomarkers for age-related macular degeneration.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a slow, progressive disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Free radical-induced oxidation of docosahexaenoate (DHA)-containing lipids generates omega-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) protein adducts that are more abundant in ocular tissues

Structural basis of gamma-diketone neurotoxicity: non-neurotoxicity of 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione, a gamma-diketone incapable of pyrrole formation.

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The chronic exposure to gamma-diketones results in the formation of giant neurofilament (NF)-containing axonal enlargements, followed by axonal degeneration in peripheral axons. Based on the specific ability of gamma-diketones to react with primary amino groups to form pyrroles, and the observation

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