rosacea/protease

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Increased expression of cathelicidin by direct activation of protease-activated receptor 2: possible implications on the pathogenesis of rosacea.

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OBJECTIVE Recent findings of increased cathelicidin protein and its proteolytic fragments in rosacea suggest a pathogenic role for cathelicidin in this disease. The relationship between cathelicidin and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is therefore of interest, as PAR-2, expressed principally

Cathelicidin, kallikrein 5, and serine protease activity is inhibited during treatment of rosacea with azelaic acid 15% gel.

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BACKGROUND Excess cathelicidin and kallikrein 5 (KLK5) have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of rosacea. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effects of azelaic acid (AzA) on these elements of the innate immune system. METHODS Gene expression and protease activity were measured

Epidermal proteases in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

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A number of different proteases and their inhibitors have a role in skin physiology and in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases. Proteases are important in the desquamation process and orderly regulation of the skin's barrier function. On the basis of the catalytic domain, proteases are

TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes.

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A diverse environment challenges skin to maintain temperature, hydration, and electrolyte balance while also maintaining normal immunological function. Rosacea is a common skin disease that manifests unique inflammatory responses to normal environmental stimuli. We hypothesized that abnormal

Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea.

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Acne rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 3% of the US population over 30 years of age and is characterized by erythema, papulopustules and telangiectasia. The etiology of this disorder is unknown, although symptoms are exacerbated by factors that trigger innate immune responses,

Reduction in serine protease activity correlates with improved rosacea severity in a small, randomized pilot study of a topical serine protease inhibitor.

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Real-World Efficacy of Azelaic Acid 15% Gel for the Reduction of Inflammatory Lesions of Rosacea.

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Approximately 16 million Americans have rosacea, an inflammatory cutaneous disorder with central facial erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasia, flushing, and swelling being among the more commonly recognized features. Overexpression of cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has been implicated in the

Microscale coiling in bis-imidazolium supramolecular hydrogel fibres induced by the release of a cationic serine protease inhibitor.

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Gels formed by a gemini dicationic amphiphile incorporate a serine protease inhibitor, which could be used in a new approach to the treatment of Rosacea, within the fibres as well as in the space between them, affecting a number of gel properties but most importantly inducing remarkable fibre

[Physiopathology of rosacea. Redness, telangiectasia, and rosacea].

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The physiopathology of rosacea involves a large number of factors that are at times difficult to correlate. There is not a single physiopathological model. Nevertheless, today it seems to have been established that two essential factors are involved: vascular and inflammatory. The disease occurs in

Pathophysiology of rosacea: redness, telangiectasia, and rosacea.

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The pathophysiology of rosacea involves a large number of factors that are at times difficult to correlate. There is not a single physiopathological model. Nevertheless, today it seems to have been established that two essential factors are involved: vascular and inflammatory. The disease occurs in

Increased basal transepidermal water loss leads to elevation of some but not all stratum corneum serine proteases.

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There are indications of elevation of some inflammatory serine proteases in barrier damaged skin (e.g. plasmin and urokinase). Moreover, many other serine protease activities are present such as desquamatory enzymes as well as a newly detected tryptase-like serine protease. However, the activities

Endoplasmic reticulum stress: key promoter of rosacea pathogenesis.

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Recent scientific interest in the pathogenesis of rosacea focuses on abnormally high facial skin levels of cathelicidin and the trypsin-like serine protease kallikrein 5 (KLK5) that cleaves the cathelicidin precursor protein into the bioactive fragment LL-37, which exerts crucial proinflammatory,

Multifunctional Serine Protease Inhibitor-Coated Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles as a Novel Targeted Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

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The overexpression and increased activity of the serine protease Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) is characteristic of inflammatory skin diseases such as Rosacea. The use of inhibitors of this enzyme-such as 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF·HCl) or the anti-human recombinant

[Antimicrobial peptides, Vitamin D₃ and more. How rosacea may develop].

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The pathogenesis of rosacea - a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting the central portions of the face - is only partly understood. In affected skin the expression of cathelicidin - an antimicrobial peptide and effector of innate immunity - is strongly increased. In addition,

Light-emitting diodes downregulate cathelicidin, kallikrein and toll-like receptor 2 expressions in keratinocytes and rosacea-like mouse skin.

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Cathelicidin (LL-37), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and kallikreins (KLKs) are key inflammatory mediators in rosacea. Laser or light-based devices have been successfully used for rosacea. We investigated the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on LL-37, KLKs, TLR-2 and protease activity in

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