Transcutaneous botulinum toxin injection in the salivary glands was introduced in 2000 as a new treatment for sialorrhoea in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We describe an ALS patient who developed serious complications of botulinum toxin treatment for sialorrhoea, and we review the relevant
SK-PC-B70M, an oleanolic-glycoside saponins fraction extracted from the root of Pulsatilla koreana, carries active ingredient(s) that protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1-42) in SK-N-SH cells. It was recently demonstrated that SK-PC-B70M improved scopolamine-induced deficits of memory
Nystagmus seen only with convergence is unusual. We describe four cases of acquired convergence-evoked pendular nystagmus in patients with multiple sclerosis. The nystagmus was horizontal and asymmetric in all patients. Eye movement recordings in one subject showed a conjugate rather than a
We measured the density and affinity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MR) in 29 chronic progressive and ten stable multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 27 control subjects using [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine. The density of MR on CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in chronic progressive MS
Acquired pendular nystagmus (APN) is regularly accompanied by oscillopsia and impairment of static visual acuity. Therapeutic approaches to APN remain controversial, and there is no generally accepted therapeutic approach. We tested 14 patients who had suffered from APN caused by multiple sclerosis
Activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and ischemia. Sulforaphane is an active compound produced after conversion of glucoraphanin by the myrosinase enzyme in
Sialorrhea or drooling represents quite a common problem in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we describe the possible treatments for this issue. Current medical management is not always effective: anticholinergic drugs (atropine, glycopyrrolate, amitriptyline,
Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and cholinergic cortical neurones are the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and for the cognitive deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer' type (AD) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), respectively. Many PD and DLB subjects have
Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Failure of myelin development and oligodendrocyte loss results in serious human disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Here, we show that donepezil, an acetlycholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of
Vertigo and dizziness are not independent disease entities, but instead symptoms of various diseases. Accordingly, a variety of treatment approaches are required. Here we review the most relevant drugs for managing dizziness, vertigo, and nystagmus syndromes. It is important to differentiate
OBJECTIVE
To study the characteristics of unit discharges related to epilepsy of hippocampal neuron in both hemispheres in intact rats.
METHODS
44 pairs of cells were extracellularly recorded with dual glass microelectrodes from bilateral hippocampi before or after administration of repetitive
Patients with acquired forms of nystagmus may suffer from oscillopsia and blurred vision; abolishing or reducing nystagmus ameliorates these symptoms. Ideally, treatment of nystagmus should be directed against the pathophysiologic mechanism responsible. Identification of nystagmus pattern is
Cytokine-induced CNS inflammation has been theorized to contribute to cognitive dysfunction in sickness and neurodegenerative disease. We investigated the effects of systemic endotoxin-induced acute immune activation and inflammation on working memory and attention functions in pigeons assessed
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an active component extracted from vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli. Activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling is a common mechanism for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of some herb-derived compounds, such as
Anthocyanins, a class of water soluble flavonoids extracted from plants like berries and soybean seed, have been shown to display obvious anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. They are recommended as a supplementation for prevention and/or treatment of disorders ranging
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