space motion sickness/vomiting

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Sudden emesis following parabolic flight maneuvers: implications for space motion sickness.

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Episodes of emesis unaccompanied by the usual prodromal signs of motion sickness have been reported by astronauts in the space shuttle program (10). Such reports have raised the issue whether space motion sickness has different characteristics from terrestrial motion sickness. We present evidence

Emesis and space motion sickness in amphibians.

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Amphibians possess the ability to vomit in response to a variety of stimuli that provoke emesis in mammals. Pharmacological studies have establish that the ejection of gastric contents and the basic mechanism for vomiting have been phylogenetically conserved among these tetrapods. As part of

Possible role of brain stem respiratory neurons in mediating vomiting during space motion sickness.

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Vomiting is produced primarily by the coordinated action of the respiratory muscles. The object of this study was to determine if brain stem expiratory neurons control abdominal muscle activity during vomiting. We recorded the activity of 27 ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory neurons, which

Clinical characterization and etiology of space motion sickness.

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An inflight, clinically-oriented investigation of SMS was begun on STS-4 and revealed the following: compared to motion sickness on Earth, autonomic signs are significantly different in space motion sickness (SMS) vs. motion sickness (MS) in that sweating is not present, pallor or flushing may be

Gastrointestinal motility in space motion sickness.

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Gastrointestinal (Gl) symptoms in space motion sickness (SMS) are significantly different from those in ordinary motion sickness (MS). Vomiting is sudden, often unexpected, infrequent, never prolonged and usually without nausea. Inflight bowel sounds are absent in those with SMS but present after

Space motion sickness.

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Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is the malady which frequently occurs shortly after attainment of sustained exposure to hypogravity. It is characterised by a variety of symptoms, which may proceed to nausea and eventually vomiting. Natural adaptation usually occurs if exposure to hypogravity is

[Mechanism of development of space motion sickness].

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Astronauts and scientists are scheduled to stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) for three-month periods, and various problems relating to the human ability to live in space for such long periods of time, as well as medical problems, are being studied. For the crews that have operated

The anti-emetic properties of 1-sulpiride in a ground-based model of space motion sickness.

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L-sulpiride, at a dose of 4 mg/kg, essentially abolished motion-induced emesis in a group of 6 squirrel monkeys undergoing horizontal rotation at 25 rpm, a terrestrial model of space motion sickness (SMS). Extrapyramidal side effects were not observed. In the absence of the drug, the usual emetic

Psychology of spaceflight: II. Suggested bases of space motion sickness: perceptual disorientation and elevated stomach pH.

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Suggested causes of space-motion sickness are inferred from the experiences of a group of astronaut candidates and from the vomit pH values of nonastronauts. Both groups experienced stimulated weightlessness in an airplane.

Stimulation of the semicircular canals via the rotary chair as a means to test pharmacologic countermeasures for space motion sickness.

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OBJECTIVE Space motion sickness is currently treated pharmacologically with the empiric use of the H1 antihistamine promethazine, but use of this intervention is limited by the side effect of significant sedation. This creates a dilemma, as full cognition is particularly important during the same

Treatment efficacy of intramuscular promethazine for space motion sickness.

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Intramuscular promethazine and its efficacy in the treatment of Space Motion Sickness (SMS) were evaluated using standardized questions administered during postflight debriefings to crewmembers immediately after their first Shuttle flight. Space Motion Sickness was graded as none, mild, moderate, or

New pharmacologic approaches to the prevention of space/motion sickness.

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Fundamental approaches in selection of new agents for evaluation in prevention of space/motion sickness (SMS) are reviewed. The discussion centers on drugs under investigation at the Johnson Space Center. Methodology that employs the rotating chair for measuring SMS symptomatology and susceptibility

Managing space motion sickness.

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Space motion sickness is a well-recognized problem for space flight and affects 73% of crewmembers on the first 2 or 3 days of their initial flight. Illness severity is variable, but over half of cases are categorized as moderate to severe. Management has included elimination of provocative

Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting.

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Motion sickness is a complex syndrome that includes many features besides nausea and vomiting. This review describes some of these factors and points out that under normal circumstances, many cases of motion sickness go unrecognized. Motion sickness can occur during exposure to physical motion,

Space motion sickness: incidence, etiology, and countermeasures.

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Space motion sickness is experienced by 60% to 80% of space travelers during their first 2 to 3 days in microgravity and by a similar proportion during their first few days after return to Earth. Space motion sickness symptoms are similar to those in other forms of motion sickness; they include:

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