substance dependence/diarrhea

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Drug dependence study of the new cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam in rats.

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The new cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam (N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) acetamide, DM-9384, CAS 77191-36-7) was assessed for dependence liability in rats using the DAF (drug admixed food) method and an intravenous self-administration system. In the physical dependence test,

[Effects of combined administration of morphine and ethanol on drug selecting behaviors and the development of drug dependence].

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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of combined treatment of morphine and ethanol on preference for morphine or ethanol and morphine dependence formation. Rats were treated with morphine by DAF (drug-admixed food; 0.5 and 1 mg/g food) method or subcutaneous injection

Opioid and cannabinoid modulation of precipitated withdrawal in delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine-dependent mice.

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The goal of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between cannabinoid and opioid systems in drug dependence. The CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A precipitated both paw tremors and head shakes in four different mouse strains that were treated repeatedly with

[Influence of fiberform on defecation condition after surgery for benign anorectal lesion].

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OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of fiberform on the defecation condition after surgery for benign anorectal lesion. METHODS A total of 121 cases undergoing surgery for benign anorectal lesion at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2009

[Research progress of Baizhu Shaoyao powder in treating ulcerative colitis].

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, nonspecific and complex intestinal disease. The current clinical treatment guideline of this disease recommends a variety of options with oral western medicines, such as aminosalicylic acids, glucocorticosteroids, and immunosuppressors. However, due to their unstable

Differential roles of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in opiate withdrawal and in relapse to opiate dependence.

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The possible effects on the morphine withdrawal signs of the nonspecific corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist alpha-helical CRF, the selective CRF receptor subtype 1 antagonist CP-154,526 and the selective CRF receptor subtype 2 antagonist antisauvagine-30 (AS-30) were

Effects of Papaver rhoeas extract on the expression and development of morphine-dependence in mice.

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The problem of drug dependence still remains unresolved. In the present study, the effects of water-alcohol extract of Papaver rhoeas on the expression and acquisition of naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice were investigated. Administration of three daily doses of

Neural substrates of opiate withdrawal.

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Drug withdrawal is an integral part of most types of dependence and, to a large extent, opiate withdrawal has been considered the prototypic, classic measure of opiate dependence. The opiate withdrawal syndrome is characterized by multiple behavioral and physiological signs such as behavioral

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