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Cervical dystonia due to cerebellar stroke.

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Vertebro-basilar stroke due to Bow-Hunter syndrome: an unusual presentation of rotatory atlanto-axial subluxation in a fourteen year old.

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Bow Hunter's syndrome is a rare disorder usually producing transient ischemic symptoms as a result of dynamic compression of the vertebral artery during head turning. We report a case of a 14 year old male presenting with stroke due to occlusion of vertebral artery due to rotatory atlanto-axial

Microvascular decompression for spasmodic torticollis.

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Twenty patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) were treated by microvascular decompression (MVD) of the spinal accessory nerves, the upper cervical nerve roots and the brainstem. Thirteen were female and seven male. Median age was 47 years (range 39 to 70 years). Median duration of symptoms was 5

Neurological assessment scores in rabbit embolic stroke models.

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BACKGROUND Neurological outcomes and behavioral assessments are widely used in animal models of stroke, but assessments in rabbit models are not fully validated. The wryneck model of neurological assessment scores (NAS) was compared to percent infarct volume (%IV) values (infarct volume is a proven

Impact of cervical dystonia on quality of life.

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We studied the effect of cervical dystonia on quality of life in a cohort of 289 patients by using a generic health status measurement scale (SF36). Cervical dystonia had a significant negative impact on quality of life compared with age-matched general population data. This negative impact was

Visual compensation in cervical dystonia.

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Introduction: Visual-spatial processing can be affected in people with cervical dystonia (CD). These impairments have almost exclusively been observed in laboratory studies, but the impact of visuo-spatial impairments on daily activities is unclear. Here, we investigated how people living

Botulinum toxin therapy in patients with oral anticoagulation: is it safe?

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When used therapeutically, botulinum toxin (BT) has to be injected into its target tissues. All manufacturers warn not to do so in patients with oral anticoagulation to avoid haematoma. We wanted to study the haematoma frequency (HF) in patients with anticoagulation receiving BT therapy. 32 patients

Botulinum toxin A (Dysport®): in dystonias and focal spasticity.

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Dysport®, a formulation of botulinum toxin A, blocks acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions causing denervation and temporary muscle paralysis. It is used to treat several medical conditions, including dystonias and focal spasticity. Subcutaneous Dysport® was effective in improving

Biofeedback in rehabilitation: a review of principles and practices.

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Modern biofeedback is the technique of using electronic equipment to reveal instantaneously to patients and therapists certain physiologic events and to teach the patients to control these otherwise involuntary events by manipulating the displayed signals (usually visual and/or acoustic). Diagnostic

[Use of botulinum neurotoxin for spasticity].

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Spasticity is characterized by increased muscle resistance. It is usually associated with muscle weakness or poor motor control. This condition not only reduces activities of daily living (ADLs), but also interferes personal hygiere and causes caregiuer's difficulty. The use of botulinum neurotoxin

Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region.

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Reports of 62 cases with a movement disorder associated with a focal lesion in the thalamus and/or subthalamic region were analyzed. Thirty-three cases had a lesion confined to the thalamus. Sixteen cases had a thalamic lesion extending into the subthalamic region and/or midbrain. Thirteen cases had

[Clinico-pathomorphologic correlations in patients with symptomatic dystonias].

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Symptomatic dystonia can be the result of various metabolic, degenerative diseases, the consumption of certain medications or exposure to toxic agents. However, only symptomatic dystonia with focal structural lesion provides a significant "window" for, at least indirect, perception of

Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction.

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Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction may relate to either medication side effects or surgical complications. There are several general mechanisms by which neurological side effects of medications can cause or aggravate oropharyngeal dysphagia. These include decreased

Secondary dystonia in a botulinum toxin clinic: clinical characteristics, neuroanatomical substrate and comparison with idiopathic dystonia.

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The analysis of patients with secondary dystonia has been valuable to explore the anatomical, pharmacological and physiological bases of this disorder. The goal of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with primary and secondary dystonia and analyze the neuroanatomical

[Botulinum toxin in specific pain therapy].

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Botulinum toxin has been used for therapeutic purposes in medicine for more than 20 years. Its effective use now covers more than 50 conditions in a wide variety of areas. Its medicinal use was initially based on its blockade of neuromuscular and neurosecretory transfers. Its use for conditions in

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