uridine diphosphate/obesity

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Hypothalamic UDP Increases in Obesity and Promotes Feeding via P2Y6-Dependent Activation of AgRP Neurons.

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Activation of orexigenic AgRP-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus potently promotes feeding, thus defining new regulators of AgRP neuron activity could uncover potential novel targets for obesity treatment. Here, we demonstrate that AgRP neurons express the purinergic

Inhibition of P2Y6 Signaling in AgRP Neurons Reduces Food Intake and Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity.

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Uridine-diphosphate (UDP) and its receptor P2Y6 have recently been identified as regulators of AgRP neurons. UDP promotes feeding via activation of P2Y6 receptors on AgRP neurons, and hypothalamic UDP concentrations are increased in obesity. However, it remained unresolved whether inhibition of P2Y6

Sex steroid levels and cortical bone size in young men are associated with a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 polymorphism (H268Y).

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BACKGROUND Sex steroids are involved in the regulation of pubertal cortical bone expansion in males. In vitro studies have indicated that the enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 has the capacity to glucuronidate sex steroids and their metabolites. OBJECTIVE Our objective was

Glucose metabolites in blood and adipose tissue of obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

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1. Glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, glycerol phosphate and uridine diphosphate glucose have been measured in human adipose tissue and blood from obese subjects under fed and fasting conditions and in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects before and after an oral

Differences in the pharmacokinetics of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists in genetically obese Zucker and sprague-dawley rats: implications of decreased glucuronidation in obese Zucker rats.

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Genetically obese Zucker rats exhibit symptoms similar to those of obese patients with insulin-resistance or Type II diabetes; therefore, they have been used as a genetic model to study obesity, as well as a pharmacological model for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of Type II diabetes

The effect of bamboo extract on hepatic biotransforming enzymes--findings from an obese-diabetic mouse model.

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OBJECTIVE Bamboo leaves are used as a component in traditional Chinese medicine for the anti-inflammatory function. Our previous studies have demonstrated that an ethanol/water extract from Phyllostachys edulis ameliorated obesity-associated chronic systemic inflammation in mice, and therefore

Anti-Obesity Effect of Bombus ignitus Queen Glycosaminoglycans in Rats on a High-Fat Diet.

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The mechanism of functional insect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on obesity caused a high fat diet has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, insect glycosaminoglycans derived from Isaria sinclairii, Bombus ignitus (a type of bumblebee) queen, and Gryllus bimaculatus were purified and investigated as a

Impact of obesity on drug metabolism and elimination in adults and children.

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The prevalence of obesity in adults and children is rapidly increasing across the world. Several general (patho)physiological alterations associated with obesity have been described, but the specific impact of these alterations on drug metabolism and elimination and its consequences for drug dosing

Glutamine Links Obesity to Inflammation in Human White Adipose Tissue.

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While obesity and associated metabolic complications are linked to inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), the causal factors remain unclear. We hypothesized that the local metabolic environment could be an important determinant. To this end, we compared metabolites released from WAT of 81 obese

Muscle uridine diphosphate-hexosamines do not decrease despite correction of hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

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Animal studies suggest that overactivity of the hexosamine pathway, resulting in increased UDP-hexosamines [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc)] is an important mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes insulin resistance. This study was performed to test

Metabolic syndrome perturbs de-glucosylation and re-glucosylation in the glycoprotein folding cycle.

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De-glucosylation and re-glucosylation of glycoproteins by glucosidase II and uridine diphosphate-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT1), respectively, are important steps in glycoprotein quality control. Misfolded glycoprotein accumulation is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress

Neuronal O-GlcNAc transferase regulates appetite, body weight, and peripheral insulin resistance.

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The ogt gene encodes O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase [OGT]) that catalyzes the transfer of β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the uridine-diphosphate-GlcNAc to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. This process is a common

Identification and expression analysis of leptin-regulated immediate early response and late target genes.

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Using PC12 cells as an in vitro model system, we have identified a series of transcripts induced through activation of the leptin receptor. On the basis of kinetic studies, two distinct gene sets could be discerned: signal transducer and activator of transciption-3 (STAT-3), suppressor of cytokine

Xenobiotic metabolizing gene variants and renal cell cancer: a multicenter study.

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BACKGROUND The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have among the highest worldwide rates of renal cell cancer (RCC). Few studies have examined whether genetic variation in xenobiotic metabolic pathway genes may modify risk for this cancer. METHODS The Central and Eastern Europe Renal Cell

Absolute Quantification of Phosphor-Containing Metabolites in the Liver Using 31 P MRSI and Hepatic Lipid Volume Correction at 7T Suggests No Dependence on Body Mass Index or Age.

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BACKGROUND Hepatic disorders are often associated with changes in the concentration of phosphorus-31 (31 P) metabolites. Absolute quantification offers a way to assess those metabolites directly but introduces obstacles, especially at higher field strengths (B0 ≥ 7T). OBJECTIVE To introduce a

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