xanthine/vomiting

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[Pyonephrosis due to xanthine stones in a bitch treated with allopurinol].

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A 2-year-old, neutered, crossbreed bitch was presented as an emergency with painful abdomen, fever and vomiting. The cause of the acute abdomen was a pyonephrosis of the left kidney, caused by four xanthine stones, which had blocked the ureter. After surgical removal of the heavily altered left

Mechanism for the emetic side effect of xanthine bronchodilators.

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The usefulness of xanthine bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma is often limited by the side effects of nausea and vomiting. We investigated the mechanism of emesis induced by xanthines, by examining the roles of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition and adenosine antagonism. Theophylline,

Comparative assessment of enprofylline and theophylline for chronic obstructive airways disease in the elderly.

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Enprofylline, a recently developed xanthine derivative, is a more potent bronchodilator than theophylline. This study compares the efficacy and safety of enprofylline with theophylline for chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) in elderly subjects. The study was of a randomized double-blind

Steady state pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmacodynamics of theophylline in children after unequal twice-daily dosing of a new sustained-release formulation.

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This was an open-label study in 19 children aged 9-13 years, weighing 27-44 kg, with bronchial asthma. Twenty-four-hour steady-state concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyl uric acid were assessed after daily dosing of 600 mg (ca 18

Further studies on allopurinol-induced hyperuricaemia and visceral gout in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).

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To investigate the usefulness of allopurinol for the treatment of hyperuricemia in birds, experimental studies were performed using the physiologically occurring post-prandial hyperuricaemia in birds of prey as a model. Pre-and post-prandial plasma concentrations of allopurinol, oxypurinol,

[Determination of nucleosides in Rhizoma Pinelliae by high performance liquid chromatography].

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A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established to determine nucleosides in Rhizoma Pinelliae, which is a dried stem tuber of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott in Pinellia plant belonging to Araceae family and has multiple efficiencies about down-bear counterflow and check

Investigation of molybdenum cofactor deficiency due to MOCS2 deficiency in a newborn baby.

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BACKGROUND Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MOCD) is a severe autosomal recessive neonatal metabolic disease that causes seizures and death or severe brain damage. Symptoms, signs and cerebral images can resemble those attributed to intrapartum hypoxia. In humans, molybdenum cofactor (MOCO) has been

Classical xanthinuria: a rare cause of pediatric urolithiasis.

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Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the final two steps of the purine degradation process. Xanthine oxidase deficiency is an uncommon cause of pediatric urinary stone formation, and classical xanthinuria. A ten-month-old boy

Febuxostat for prevention of gout attacks.

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(1) Febuxostat is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Its use in the management of hyperuricemia and gout is being studied. (2) In a 52-week, phase III randomized clinical trial, febuxostat was superior to allopurinol for lowering uric acid levels. Its efficacy in preventing gout attacks was

Chrysin abrogates cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, p53 expression, goblet cell disintegration and apoptotic responses in the jejunum of Wistar rats.

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Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of numerous forms of cancer, but it has pronounced adverse effects, namely nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, diarrhoea and nausea. CDDP-induced emesis and

Chrysin protects against cisplatin-induced colon. toxicity via amelioration of oxidative stress and apoptosis: probable role of p38MAPK and p53.

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Cisplatin, an antineoplastic drug, is widely used as a foremost therapy against numerous forms of cancer but it has pronounced adverse effects viz., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity etc. CDDP-induced emesis and diarrhea are also marked toxicities that may be due to intestinal injury. Chrysin

Gout, uric acid and purine metabolism in paediatric nephrology.

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Although gout and hyperuricaemia are usually thought of as conditions of indulgent male middle age, in addition to the well-known uricosuria of the newborn, there is much of importance for the paediatric nephrologist in this field. Children and infants may present chronically with stones or acutely

Toxic side effects of drugs used to treat Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis).

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Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an endemic parasitic disease in some areas of Latin America. About 16-18 million persons are infected with the aetiological agent of the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and more than 100 million are living at risk of infection. There are different modes of

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, structurally unrelated to rolipram, as promising agents for the treatment of asthma and other pathologies.

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An increase of cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate (cAMP and cGMP) level can be achieved by inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are the enzymes responsible for the conversion of these second messengers into the corresponding 5-monophosphate inactive counterparts. The high

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