Oral versus nasal route for placing feeding tubes: no effect on hypoxemia and bradycardia in infants with apnea of prematurity.

BACKGROUND

Raised upper airway resistance may be involved in apnea of prematurity (AOP).

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effects of an oral versus a nasal gastric tube on episodes of hypoxemia and bradycardia in infants with AOP.

METHODS

In a randomized controlled cross-over trial, 32 infants (median gestational age 29 (range 24-31) weeks, postmenstrual age at study 32 (range 30-35) weeks) with the need for tube feeding and symptoms of AOP underwent a 24-hour recording of breathing movements, nasal airflow, heart rate, pulse oximeter saturation and pulse waveforms. A 5-Fr feeding tube was placed orally or nasally for 12 h each, the position selected first was randomly assigned. When the feeding tube was placed nasally, always the smaller nostril was selected. Each infant acted as his/her own control. Recordings were analyzed for the summed rate of bradycardia and desaturation (heart rate <2/3 of baseline, saturation

RESULTS

The route of placing the feeding tube had no significant effect on the summed rate of bradycardia and desaturation (nasal route: median 1.6, CI 0.8-1.9; oral route: median 1.0, CI 0.9-1.6, p = 0.25).

CONCLUSIONS

We could not confirm an advantage of placing a feeding tube orally in these infants with AOP, as the oral route did not improve their symptoms of AOP. Possible explanations include: (i) the increase in nasal airway resistance by the 5-Fr nasogastric tube, inserted into the smaller nostril, is too small to have any effect on AOP; (ii) any benefit of the oral route is neutralized by the negative effects of an enhanced vagal stimulation, or (iii) study duration was too short to detect a difference in AOP.