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OBJECTIVE
We have established an in vitro model of acute tubular necrosis in rat kidney tubular cells, using combined oxygen-glucose deprivation (COGD) and screened a library of 1280 pharmacologically active compounds for cytoprotective effects.
METHODS
We used in vitro cell-based, high throughput,
Thrombomodulin (TM), a critical component of the protein C anticoagulant pathway, has previously been localized to endothelial cells (EC), but not smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the blood vessel wall. We demonstrate that cultured rat, bovine, as well as human SMC, but not blood vessel wall smooth
Monocytes and macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in response to microbial products including endotoxin. TNF alpha is a potent primer of neutrophil (PMN) oxidative activity. Certain xanthine phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors such as pentoxifylline have been shown to inhibit
We have shown that A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) are cytoprotective against renal tubular necrosis and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. To study the role of A1AR numbers on renal epithelial cell survival, we stably overexpressed the human A1 receptor in a porcine renal tubule cell line and
OBJECTIVE
Adenosine is a major endogenous regulator of macrophage function, and activates four specific adenosine receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3)). Here, we have assessed in human lung macrophages the modulation of the expression of adenosine receptor mRNA by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the
OBJECTIVE
In the present work, we studied the role of cell-derived adenosine in both the physiologic regulation and pharmacologic control of the exocytosis of azurophilic granules of neutrophils exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and stimulated with some chemoattractants.
METHODS
Human
The effect of the administration of ATP-MgCl2 and adenosine-MgCl2 on the volume density of necrosis occurring 24 hr following 60 min of ischemia in rat liver has been studied. The extent of necrosis in the lobes submitted to ischemia has been assayed by morphometric analysis of fresh liver slices
Low-affinity A2B adenosine receptors (A2B ARs), which are expressed in astrocytes, are mainly activated during brain hypoxia and ischaemia, when large amounts of adenosine are released. Cytokines, which are also produced at high levels under these conditions, may regulate receptor responsiveness. In
BACKGROUND
Adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning extends the protection of ischemic preconditioning by both significantly decreasing infarct size and significantly enhancing postischemic functional recovery.
METHODS
The effects of adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning on necrosis and
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether adenosine in amniotic fluid down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
METHODS
Mid-trimester amniotic fluid from 21 women was incubated ex vivo in the presence or absence of human adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that irreversibly degrades adenosine. After 24
Murine macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression has been shown to be dramatically induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and to be dependent upon nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) binding sites in its promoter for the lipopolysaccharide induction. Murine J774.1
We hypothesized that adenosine, known to be release from inflammatory sites, could lessen the potentially damaging activity of neutrophils (PMN) primed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) at sites of infection. We investigated the effect of adenosine on PMN primed with cell-free medium from
We have observed uncontrollable cardiogenic shock as a cardiovascular manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) leading to death in a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis of SIRS was based on the demonstration of endotoxinaemia, and highly elevated plasma levels of tumour necrosis
Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues. Because adenosine alters endocrine function and endocrine cells secrete cytokines, its effects on IL-6 and TNF release from rat adrenals, ovaries, and anterior pituitaries were compared with its
Quinolinic acid is an agonist at glutamate receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). It has been implicated in neural dysfunction associated with infections, trauma, and ischemia, although its neurotoxic potency is relatively low. This study was designed to examine the effects of a