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A second generation GLP-1 receptor agonist mitigates vomiting and anorexia while retaining glucoregulatory potency in lean diabetic and emetic mammalian models.

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FDA approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often produce nausea, vomiting, and in some patients, undesired anorexia. These side effects are caused by direct central GLP-1R activation. We developed a conjugate of vitamin

Comparison of an oral rice-based electrolyte solution and a glucose-based electrolyte solution in hospitalized infants with diarrheal dehydration.

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This randomized trial compared the efficacy of a rice-based (50 g/L) oral rehydration solution with the standard glucose-based WHO/UNICEF solution in the treatment of 100 hospitalized infants, ages 3-18 months, with acute dehydrating diarrhea. The main outcomes examined were stool output and

[Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: contribution of molecular biology].

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BACKGROUND Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is the most frequent cause of defective congenital fatty acid oxidation. Its molecular characterization is now possible. Case n. 1. A girl, 15 month-old, was admitted because she suffered from fever and vomiting, requiring the administration

Evaluation of infant feeding in acute gastroenteritis.

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Sixty-eight bottle-fed babies under 9 months of age with mild acute gastroenteritis were observed to evaluate current feeding regimens following acute gastroenteritis in infancy. All babies were fed for 24 h with a glucose-electrolyte mixture (GEM) and then randomly assigned to either a gradual

Treatment of 242 neonates with dehydrating diarrhea with an oral glucose-electrolyte solution.

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Two hundred thirty-four of 242 neonates (96.7%) with a mean dehydration of 5.1% body weight were rehydrated with a glucose-electrolyte solution given orally in an average time of 7 44 hours. Eight (3.3%) neonates required intravenous fluid therapy. Emesis was not an obstacle for complete oral

Rice-starch oral rehydration therapy in neonates and young infants.

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Rice-starch based oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been shown to be a suitable alternative to glucose-based ORS in the treatment of both choleragenic and non-choleragenic dehydration in older infants and children. However, in young infants, the wider use of rice-starch ORS has been impeded

Enterococcal meningitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus. First case report.

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BACKGROUND Enterococcal meningitis is an uncommon disease usually caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium and is associated with a high mortality rate. Enterococcus casseliflavus has been implicated in a wide variety of infections in humans, but never in meningitis. METHODS A

Exenatide and liraglutide: different approaches to develop GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics)--preclinical and clinical results.

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The GLP-1 analogues exenatide and liraglutide stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon output in a glucose-dependent manner, slow gastric emptying and decrease appetite. The injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide significantly improves glycaemic control, with

Acute renal failure after large doses of intravenous immune globulin.

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OBJECTIVE To describe a case of acute renal failure after high-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy and the measures undertaken to prevent this complication during subsequent administration. METHODS A 54-year-old white man with valvular cardiomyopathy was receiving large doses (2 g/kg/mo)

Diabetes mellitus: anaesthetic management.

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As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase in the United Kingdom, more diabetic patients will present for both elective and emergency surgery. Whilst the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes differs, there is much good evidence that controlling the blood glucose

Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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Known treatments of type 2 diabetes mellitus have limitations such as weight gain, and hypoglycaemias. A new perspective is the use of incretin hormones and incretin enhancers. Incretins are defined as being responsible for the higher insulin release after an oral glucose load compared to an

Differential hypoglycaemic, anorectic, autonomic and emetic effects of the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist, exendin-4, in the conscious telemetered ferret.

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BACKGROUND Rodents are incapable of emesis and consequently the emetic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists in studies designed to assess a potential blood glucose lowering action of the compound was missed. Therefore, we investigated if the ferret, a carnivore with

[Meningeal seeding of spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme without any signs of myelopathy].

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An autopsy case of meningeal spreading of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) probably originating in the cervical cord was reported. In contrast to autopsy findings, main symptoms were similar to subacute meningitis, and any signs of myelopathy could not be detected during the clinical course. The

Partial blockade of Kv2.1 channel potentiates GLP-1's insulinotropic effects in islets and reduces its dose required for improving glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic male mice.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based medicines have recently been widely used to treat type 2 diabetic patients, whereas adverse effects of nausea and vomiting have been documented. Inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) channel subtype Kv2.1 in pancreatic β-cells has been suggested to contribute to mild

Insulin response in bulimia nervosa as a marker of nutritional depletion.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this provocation study was to examine insulin, glucose, and cortisol levels in response to a glucose load in bulimia nervosa patients and to relate this to behavior, treatment status, and depressive symptomatology. METHODS A 3-hr glucose tolerance test was performed in 15 female

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