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amylose/arabidopsis
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Natural polymorphisms in Arabidopsis result in wide variation or loss of the amylose component of starch.
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Starch granules contain two glucose polymers, amylopectin and amylose. Amylose makes up approximately 10 to 30% (w/w) of all natural starches thus far examined, but mutants of crop and model plants that produce amylose-free starch are generally indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts
PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH is required for localising GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE to starch granules and for normal amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis.
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The domestication of starch crops underpinned the development of human civilisation, yet we still do not fully understand how plants make starch. Starch is composed of glucose polymers that are branched (amylopectin) or linear (amylose). The amount of amylose strongly influences the physico-chemical
The priming of amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves.
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We investigated the mechanism of amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves using (14)C-labeling techniques. First, we tested the hypothesis that short malto-oligosaccharides (MOS) may act as primers for granule-bound starch synthase I. We found increased amylose synthesis in isolated starch granules
Structural and functional basis for starch binding in the SnRK1 subunits AKINβ2 and AKINβγ.
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Specialized carbohydrate-binding domains, the Starch-Binding Domain (SBD) and the Glycogen Binding Domain (GBD), are motifs of approximately 100 amino acids directly or indirectly associated with starch or glycogen metabolism. Members of the regulatory β subunit of the heterotrimeric complex
A sensitive method for confocal fluorescence microscopic visualization of starch granules in iodine stained samples.
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Synthesized by glycogen synthase and starch synthases (SS) using ADP-glucose as the sugar donor molecule, glycogen and starch accumulate as predominant storage carbohydrates in most bacteria and plants, respectively. We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1
Potato granule-bound starch synthase promoter-controlled GUS expression: regulation of expression after transient and stable transformation.
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Chimaeric genes of promoter sequences from the potato gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and the beta-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene were used to study GBSS expression and regulation. Analysis of stable transformants revealed that a GBSS promoter sequence of 0.4 kb was sufficient
Monitoring meso-scale ordering of cellulose in intact plant cell walls using sum frequency generation spectroscopy.
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Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibration spectroscopy can selectively detect crystalline cellulose without spectral interference from cell wall matrix components. Here, we show that the cellulose SFG spectrum is sensitive to cellulose microfibril alignment and packing within the cell wall. SFG
Molecular cloning and characterization of a subtilisin-like protease from Arabidopsis thaliana.
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The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes 56 subtilisin-like serine proteases (subtilases). In order to evaluate the protease activity of a previously uncharacterized subtilase, designated as AtSBT1.9, we cloned its full-length cDNA from A. thaliana seedlings. An AtSBT1.9 mature peptide coding
[New look at starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana L. chloroplasts].
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Transitory starch is accumulated during the day and is the main source of energy for the cell metabolism during the night. The observed periodical starch degradation has become a model often used by scientist in their experiments. Starch granule degradation could be divided into 2 periods:
Biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana starch branching enzyme 2.2 reveals an enzymatic positive cooperativity.
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Starch Branching Enzymes (SBE) catalyze the formation of α(1 → 6) branching points on starch polymers: amylopectin and amylose. SBEs are classified in two groups named type 1 and 2. Both types are present in the entire plant kingdom except in some species such as Arabidopsis thaliana that expresses
Expression of bacterial starch-binding domains in Arabidopsis increases starch granule size
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Starch is a readily renewable resource that is very widely used for food and industrial purposes; however, greater variation in the functional properties of starch would further extend the use of this biodegradable polymer. Genetic engineering may provide a way to produce designer starches that have
Functional Roles of Starch Binding Domains and Surface Binding Sites in Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis.
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Biosynthesis of starch is catalyzed by a cascade of enzymes. The activity of a large number of these enzymes depends on interaction with polymeric substrates via carbohydrate binding sites, which are situated outside of the catalytic site and its immediate surroundings including the
Identification of a novel starch synthase III from the picoalgae Ostreococcus tauri.
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Hydrosoluble glycogen is the major energy storage compound in bacteria, archaea, fungi, and animal cells. In contrast, photosynthetic eukaryotes have evolved to build a highly organized semicrystalline granule of starch. Several enzymes are involved in polysaccharide synthesis, among which glycogen
Modification of Cassava Root Starch Phosphorylation Enhances Starch Functional Properties.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a root crop used as a foodstuff and as a starch source in industry. Starch functional properties are influenced by many structural features including the relative amounts of the two glucan polymers amylopectin and amylose, the branched structure of amylopectin,
A critical role for disproportionating enzyme in starch breakdown is revealed by a knock-out mutation in Arabidopsis.
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Disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme) is a plastidial alpha-1,4-glucanotransferase but its role in starch metabolism is unclear. Using a reverse genetics approach we have isolated a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana in which the gene encoding this enzyme (DPE1) is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion. While
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