hepatitis b/protease

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Protease-induced infectivity of hepatitis B virus for a human hepatoblastoma cell line.

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The human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 produces and secretes hepatitis B virus (HBV) after transfection of cloned HBV DNA. Intact virions do not infect these cells, although they attach to the surface of the HepG2 cell through binding sites in the pre-S1 domain. Entry of enveloped virions into the

Biosynthesis of hepatitis B virus e antigen: directed mutagenesis of the putative aspartyl protease site.

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The C gene products of all mammalian hepadnaviruses contain a region with sequence similarities to the catalytic center of the aspartyl proteases. This region could have the capacity to cleave precore proteins, leading to the synthesis of e antigen. By site-directed mutagenesis on a plasmid

Interaction of hepatitis B virus X protein with a serine protease, tryptase TL2 as an inhibitor.

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X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transactivates transcription of various viral and cellular genes. It has been suggested that X protein plays a major role in hepatocarcinogenesis by HBV. The protein possesses amino acid sequence homology to the functionally essential domain of Kunitz-type serine

X protein of hepatitis B virus resembles a serine protease inhibitor.

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The X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been shown to be a trans-activator for viral and cellular genes. Amino acid sequences in X protein were found to be highly homologous to functionally essential sequences in the "Kunitz domain," characteristic of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors.

Effect of protease pretreatment on immunomorphologic demonstration of hepatitis-B-surface antigen in conventional paraffin-embedded liver biopsy material: quantitative evaluation.

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The effect of protease pretreatment on the demonstration of hepatitis-B-surface antigen by immunofluorescence (IF) and the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (PAP) in conventionally processed (formalin-fixed, paraffin-emmbedded) liver biopsy material was quantitatively assessed by

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein-Induced Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Type 1 Is Associated with the Progression of HBV-Related Diseases.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes inflammation of the liver and is the leading cause of both liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is an acute-phase response protein that is overexpressed in liver cancer tissue. This study

A protease-sensitive hinge linking the two domains of the hepatitis B virus core protein is exposed on the viral capsid surface.

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Core particles of hepatitis B virus are assembled from dimers of a single 185-residue (subtype adw) viral capsid or core protein (p21.5) which possesses two distinct domains: residues 1 to 144 form a minimal capsid assembly domain, and the arginine-rich, carboxyl-terminal residues 150 to 185 form a

Proteaselike sequence in hepatitis B virus core antigen is not required for e antigen generation and may not be part of an aspartic acid-type protease.

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The hepatitis B virus (HBV) C gene directs the synthesis of two major gene products: HBV core antigen (HBcAg[p21c]), which forms the nucleocapsid, and HBV e antigen (HBeAg [p17e]), a secreted antigen that is produced by several processing events during its maturation. These proteins contain an amino

Demonstration of the presence of protease-cutting site in the spacer of hepatitis B viral Pol protein.

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Molecular genetic studies have revealed that the human hepatitis B viral (HBV) Pol protein, a polypeptide of about 94 kDa, contains four domains. These are the 5'-terminal protein, spacer, RNA reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase, and RNase H, respectively, from the amino (N) to carboxy (C)

Hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for severe hepatic cytolysis after initiation of a protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The APROCO Study Group.

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In a cohort of 1,047 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients started on protease inhibitors (PIs), the incidence of severe hepatic cytolysis (alanine aminotransferase concentration five times or more above the upper limit of the normal level >/= 5N) was 5% patient-years after a mean

Elevated plasma concentrations of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B or C: case series and literature review.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in patients who are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and/or C virus. Specifically, we sought to determine whether coinfection results in higher than expected concentrations of protease inhibitors and

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus replication upregulates serine protease inhibitor Kazal, resulting in cellular resistance to serine protease-dependent apoptosis.

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Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) are different and distinct viruses, but there are striking similarities in their disease potential. Infection by either virus can cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and ultimately, liver cancer, despite the fact that no pathogenetic

Identification of a doubly spliced viral transcript joining the separated domains for putative protease and reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV), like retroviruses, replicates through reverse transcription. However, the identity and mechanism for the synthesis of HBV reverse transcriptase remain unknown. The open reading frame (ORF) for HBV putative reverse transcriptase (pol), as a consequence of overlapping with the

Human hepatitis B virus X protein promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis through interacting with a serine protease Hepsin.

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The X protein of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) acts as an indirect transcriptional transactivator to regulate the expression of many viral and cellular genes as well as playing a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. While the biological importance of HBx has been well

HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes Variability Can Be a Biomarker Associated with HIV and Hepatitis B or C Coinfection.

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Variability of the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes has been used as indicators of drug resistance and as a mean to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among circulating virus. However, these studies have been carried in HIV mono-infected populations. The goal of this study was

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