nicotinamide/diarrea

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Diarrhea induced by high doses of nicotinamide in dialysis patients.

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Nicotinamide inhibits HIV-1 in both acute and chronic in vitro infection.

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HIV-1 infected patients can manifest a number of poorly understood conditions including dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. These conditions are in some ways suggestive of pellagra, the syndrome associated with niacin depletion. We demonstrate here that nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin,

Carbogen and nicotinamide in locally advanced bladder cancer: early results of a phase-III randomized trial.

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OBJECTIVE Phase II studies in laryngeal and bladder carcinoma of accelerated radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide (RT+CON) suggested a therapeutic advantage. Therefore, a randomized phase-III trial of RT+CON in locally advanced bladder carcinoma compared to radiotherapy (RT) alone was

Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in the management of hyperphosphatemia in pediatric patients on regular hemodialysis.

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BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is a common problem in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and contributes to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiovascular complications. Nicotinamide (NAM) has been shown in some studies to inhibit

Intestinal spirochetosis and chronic watery diarrhea: clinical and histological response to treatment and long-term follow up.

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BACKGROUND The clinical significance of intestinal spirochetosis is uncertain, therefore the aim of the present paper was to assess the prevalence of histological intestinal spirochetosis in patients with and without chronic watery diarrhea and to evaluate its clinical relevance. METHODS A

Big brains, meat, tuberculosis, and the nicotinamide switches: co-evolutionary relationships with modern repercussions?

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Meat-eating was a game changer for human evolution. We suggest that the limiting factors for expanding brains earlier were scarcities of nicotinamide and tryptophan. In humans and some other omnivores, lack of meat causes these deficiencies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is necessary to

Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review.

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Various skin disorders with an inflammatory component often have been treated with steroids and/or oral antibiotics. However, long-term use of these agents has drawbacks: steroids may induce numerous serious side effects such as hypertension, immunosuppression, and osteoporosis, and overuse of oral

Niacin metabolite excretion in alcoholic pellagra and AIDS patients with and without diarrhea.

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OBJECTIVE Malnourished patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can develop pellagra-like manifestations such as dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that patients with AIDS and diarrhea would have niacin depletion. This study compared 24-h urine

Ocular lesions of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis in rabbits.

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6-Aminonicotinamide, an antimetabolite of nicotinamide, given by intraperitoneal injection produced diarrhea, ascending paresis/paralysis, death, and bilateral ocular alterations in both sexes of New Zealand white and Dutch belted rabbits. Ocular vascular lesions consisted of iridal congestion with

Pellagra and pellagra-like erythema in a hospital setting in Lomé, Togo : retrospective study from 1997 to 2017.

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The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profile as well as the outcome and to document the causes of pellagra and pellagra-like erythema in a hospital setting in Lomé, Togo.This retrospective study examined the

Effect of Baicalin-Aluminum Complexes on Fecal Microbiome in Piglets.

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The gut microbiome has important effects on gastrointestinal diseases. Diarrhea attenuation functions of baicalin (BA) is not clear. Baicalin-aluminum complexes (BBA) were synthesized from BA, but the BBA's efficacy on the diarrhea of piglets and the gut microbiomes have not been explored and the

Pellagra and anorexia nervosa: a case report.

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While pellagra appears to be a rare entity currently, it may still develop. It is important to recognize how the disease manifests to ensure adequate and timely treatment.We present a case of pellagra secondary to anorexia nervosa in a 28-year-old woman. We

Protective effect of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibition on multiple organ failure after zymosan-induced peritonitis in the rat.

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METHODS In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that peroxynitrite and subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure induced by peritoneal injection of zymosan in the rat. Animals were randomly divided

New UDP-GlcNAc C4 epimerase involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-L-altruronic acid in the O-antigen repeating units of Plesiomonas shigelloides O17.

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Plesiomonas shigelloides is a ubiquitous waterborne pathogen responsible for diseases such as diarrhea and bacillary dysentery, commonly afflicting infants and children. This bacterium is endowed with an O-antigen gene cluster consisting of 10 consecutive reading frames. One of these, designated

Effect of streptozotocin administration upon the serotonin content of the pancreas and small intestine of the rat.

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The study has examined the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 3 days and 10 weeks duration upon the serotonin content of the rat pancreas and small intestine. Streptozotocin administration (65 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (p less than 0.001) decrease in pancreatic serotonin after 3

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