Covid-19 Pneumonia

Standardized lung ultrasound scan with two different instruments

Butterfly

Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese

Reliability of a Pocket Sized Ultrasound Scanner in the Evaluation Covid-19 Pneumonia

Comparison Between a Pocket Sized and a High End Ultrasound Scanner in the Evaluation of Lung Involvement in Patients With Covid-19 Pneumonia

The more widely accepted measure of agreement beteen two instruments. Bland JM, Altman DG (1986) Statistical method for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. The Lancet i:307-310

The whole anonymized dataset could be shared

Piersante Sestini

Associate professor of respiratory diseases

University of Siena

The BI participants will initially undergo simple spirometry and a 6-minute walk test and Borg scale application upon admission to the thoracic surgery department. Immediately after the exams, they will undergo a TENS application session over the acupuncture points: Feishu, Zhongfu, Taiyuan and Dingchuan using a frequency of 200Hz and a pulse time of 80 seconds of sufficient intensity to cause a slight sensation of local numbness without muscle fasciculations. The TENS application time will be 30 minutes. Immediately after the TENS application, the participants will be submitted to a new spirometry, a new 6-minute walk test and again to the Borg scale.

The BC participants will undergo the same steps as BI, however when applying TENS to these participants investigators will place the electrodes over the points without turning on the device in order to obtain the effect of a placebo.

Lung Diseases

Dyspnea

Acupuncture

TENS application session over the acupuncture points: Feishu, Zhongfu, Taiyuan and Dingchuan using a frequency of 200Hz and a pulse time of 80 seconds of sufficient intensity to cause a slight sensation of local numbness without muscle fasciculations. The TENS application time will be 30 minutes.

transcutaneous nerve electrostimulation (TENS) of acupuncture points

Ambulatório de Nódulos e Massas Pulmonares H Santa Marcelina

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules Treated at a Referral Service: A Randomized Single Blind Study

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the forced vital capacity (FVC) values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the VEF1/FVC ratio values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the 6 minutes Walk Test distance values prior to intervention and post intervention to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

The investigators will compare the Borg scale measures prior and after the intervention to access if the were changes in dyspnea symptoms for each participant from each arm.

The investigators will compare the blood oxygen saturation using the pulse oximetry measures prior and after the intervention to access if the were changes in dyspnea symptoms for each participant from each arm.

Igor Renato Louro Bruno de Abreu

Medical Staff of Thoracic Surgery Department of Santa Marcelina Hospital

Hospital Santa Marcelina

. To minimize the impact of non-blinding investigators, will be designated a specific investigator who will be responsible for randomizing participants at the time of TENS application and performing the intervention do not allowing the investigators responsible for data collection know whether the patient will be BI or BC. After data collection, the same investigator will segregate the information from BC and BI keeping the subgroups identification in secret do not allowing the investigator who will perform the statistical analysis know what are the groups.

Inspiratory muscle training with a pressure threshold device (Threshold® IMT HS730, RESPIRONICS Inc, Cedar Grove, NJ, USA) will be start at a resistance equal to 30% of their MIP or at a load which patient can tolerate, and then the loading will be gradually increased 2cm H2O per week or as symptom tolerated and according to the RPE scale. Each patient will receive regular post-stroke rehabilitation program.

Patient will be trained daily, total 30 minutes or 15 minutes twice per day, at least 5 times a week, for 10 weeks

Threshold® IMT HS730, RESPIRONICS Inc, Cedar Grove, NJ, USA

post-stroke rehabilitation program

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Stroke Patients With Stable Congestive Heart Failure: a Prospective RCT.

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Stroke Patients With Stable Congestive Heart Failure: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure MIP was measured after maximal expiration with each subject seated and wearing a nose-clip, and MEP was measured after maximal inspiration. An experienced respiratory therapist who strongly urged the subjects to make maximum inspiratory and expiratory efforts at or near residual and total lung capacity, respectively, performed the measurements. Determinations were repeated until two technically satisfactory measurements were recorded, with the highest value used for calculations.

In order to determine the best course of therapy, physicians often assess the stage of heart failure according to the (NYHA) functional classification system. This system relates symptoms to everyday activities and the patient's quality of life.

Pulmonary function tests were performed using a standard spirometer (Vitalograph, Serial Spirotrac, Buckingham, USA) according to the ATS recommendationsat the beginning and end of the 8-week home based IMT program. Measures included parameters of FVC, FEV1, and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF).

The six-minute walk work (6MWORK) value was calculated as body mass x distance covered during the 6MWT.

Mei-Yun Liaw

Department of physical medicine and rehabilitation

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Blood, sputum and urine samples will be collected. Commercially available ELISA assays will be be used to qualify inflammatory markers. Quantitative bacterial culture will be performed on sputum samples. Bacterial and viral load will be determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proteomics such as Cholesterol, BNP, CRP by routine hospital assay techniques. Specific DNA sections will be selected from the genome to identify/confirm genes believed to be associated with different COPD phenotypes by molecular techniques.

COPD

All participants will receive a single high resolution CT scan of the chest. This will be performed using a low tube current, helical technique. Participants may also receive a plain chest X-ray if clinically indicated.
The total research protocol dose is 2 mSv. The dose from the chest X-ray is insignificant compared with the dose from the CT scan of the chest, therefore all this dose can be considered to be additional to standard of care. A dose of 2 mSv represents a risk of radiation induced detriment of approximately 1 in 10,000 and is equivalent to about 11 months of average natural background radiation in the UK.

pneumothorax/cansancio

Reliability of a Pocket Sized Ultrasound Scanner in the Evaluation Covid-19 Pneumonia

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Stroke Patients With Stable Congestive Heart Failure: a Prospective RCT.

The MRC/ABPI COPD Cohort v1.7

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