scopolamine/hypoxia

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Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on acetylcholine level reduced by scopolamine, hypoxia and ischemia in the rats and mongolian gerbils.

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Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on acetylcholine (ACh) level in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats and Mongolian gerbils were examined. In normal rats, MCI-2016 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) slightly increased ACh content in the cerebral cortex. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or hypoxia (95%

Posttraining administration of gastrin-releasing peptide improves memory loss in scopolamine- and hypoxia-induced amnesic mice.

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We examined memory improvement with respect to the effects of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in male C57BL/6J mice under conditions of experimentally induced amnesia. GRP was administered following training in a one-trial passive avoidance test. In Experiment 1, the drug scopolamine (1 or 2 mg/kg,

Vinpocetine: nootropic effects on scopolamine-induced and hypoxia-induced retrieval deficits of a step-through passive avoidance response in rats.

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Vinpocetine, vincamine, aniracetam, and Hydergine, compounds with purported cognition activating activity, were evaluated for their ability to prevent scopolamine-induced and hypoxia-induced impairment of passive avoidance retention (24 hr) in rats. Vinpocetine (peak effect dose [PED]= 200 mg/kg

Protection against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice: a comparison of the effects of hypothermia and drugs.

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The role of hypothermia in the antihypoxic effects of drugs was examined in the present experiments. The effects of environmentally induced hypothermia and drugs were tested by exposing mice to 100% nitrogen gas for 80 sec and counting the number of survivors. In a series of 68 vehicle control

Incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation in cardiac patients premedicated with intramuscular scopolamine and morphine.

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The effect of a standard preoperative medication combination, morphine and scopolamine, on arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation was measured continuously in 29 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. On the morning of operation, both before and after administration

Effects of BMY-21502 on anoxia in mice.

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The protective effects of BMY-21502 (1-[[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-2- pyrrolidinone) against cerebral anoxia were investigated using various models in mice, in comparison with those of other cerebroactive drugs. Oral administration of BMY-21502 (10-100 mg/kg)

Protective effect of R(-)-1-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)- 2-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride (T-588), a novel cerebral activator, against experimental cerebral anoxia.

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Effects of R(-)-1-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2- (N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol hydrochloride (T-588) on normobaric hypoxia, histotoxic anoxia by KCN and complete ischemia by decapitation were investigated in mice. T-588 (30-100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant and dose-dependent prolongation of

Effect of ICV taurine on the impairment of learning, convulsions and death caused by hypoxia.

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The effect of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of taurine on amnesia, convulsions and death caused by hypoxia was investigated in mice. Taurine in doses of 80-100 micrograms/mouse impaired acquisition of a single trial in passive avoidance performance, but protected mice from the

Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB 761) on astrocytes of rat hippocampus after exposure with scopolamine.

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The regular extract of Ginkgo biloba has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties in disorders like hypoxia, ischemia, seizure activity and peripheral nerve damage. Also, G. biloba has received attention as a potential cognitive enhancer for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but there is

Behavioral studies of the effects of moderate oligemic hypoxia caused by bilateral clamping of carotid arteries in mice. Impairment of spatial working memory.

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The experiments carried out on Albino Swiss mice indicated that bilateral clamping of carotid arteries (BCCA) for 30 min caused no neuronal damage but produced an increase in GABA content in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex. The behavioral studies have shown that BCCA did not influence

Cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects of acylated oligosaccharides in Polygala tenuifolia.

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We studied the cognitive improving and cerebral protective constituents in the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine prescribed for amnesia, neurasthenia, palpitation, noctural emission and insomnia. Tenuifoliside B (1), which is one of the acylated

Predictive factors of oxygen desaturation of patients submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under conscious sedation.

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OBJECTIVE Hypoxemia can occur during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography probably induced by the analgesia and sedation done. Moreover the patients prone position difficults the adequate ventilation. The hypoxemia and hypoventilation may not be noticed by nursing staff. A transversal

[Central anticholinergic syndrome during postoperative period].

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The central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) includes central signs (somnolence, confusion, amnesia, agitation, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, delirium, stupor, coma) and peripheral signs (dry mouth, dry skin, tachycardia, visual disturbances and difficulty in micturition). It occurs when central

Effects of pilocarpine on breathing movements in normal, chemodenervated and brain stem-transected fetal sheep.

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1. We examined the effects on fetal breathing movements (FBM) and electrocortical activity (ECoG) of the administration of pilocarpine to three groups of fetal sheep in utero: one group had peripheral chemodenervation; one group had peripheral chemodenervation and transection of the brain stem at

Respiratory failure without pulmonary edema following injection of a glutamate agonist into the ventral medullary raphe of the rat.

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Injection of ibotenic acid (IA), a glutamate agonist, into the ventral medullary raphe (VMR; especially the nucleus raphe magnus) of the rat produced respiratory failure and death following a predictable course of events. The response to the IA injection was characterized initially by increased

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