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Evidence of West Nile virus lineage 2 circulation in Northern Italy.
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A West Nile virus (WNV) strain belonging to lineage 2 was for the first time detected in two pools of Culex pipiens collected in the province of Udine and in tissues of a wild collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) found dead in the province of Treviso, in North East of Italy. It was molecularly
Virulence determinants between New York 99 and Kunjin strains of West Nile virus.
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An attenuated Australian strain of West Nile virus (WNV), Kunjin (KUN), shares ~98% amino acid homology with the pathogenic New York 99 NY99 strain (NY99). To investigate the viral factors involved in NY99 virulence we generated an infectious cDNA clone of the WNV NY99 4132 isolate from which virus
West Nile virus NS2A protein facilitates virus-induced apoptosis independently of interferon response.
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The flavivirus NS2A protein is a small, multifunctional protein, involved in replication, virion formation and regulation of the innate immune response. Using the Kunjin strain of West Nile virus (WNV(KUN)) we previously demonstrated that a single amino acid change from alanine to proline at
West Nile Virus Temperature Sensitivity and Avian Virulence Are Modulated by NS1-2B Polymorphisms.
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West Nile virus (WNV) replicates in a wide variety of avian species, which serve as reservoir and amplification hosts. WNV strains isolated in North America, such as the prototype strain NY99, elicit a highly pathogenic response in certain avian species, notably American crows (AMCRs; Corvus
Transcriptome changes in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) salivary glands during West Nile virus infection.
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Persistent West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) is associated with pathological changes in the salivary glands, including apoptotic cell death and a corresponding reduction in virus transmission over time. The vector host response to WNV
Further evidence of lineage 2 West Nile Virus in Culex pipiens of North-Eastern Italy.
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West Nile Virus lineage 1 (WNV lin1) emerged in North-Eastern Italy in 2008 and, since then, it has been detected in animals, humans and mosquitoes. Three years later, in the same area, a lineage 2 (lin2) strain of WNV was found in birds and vectors. On August the 21st, during the 2012 WNV
Increasing resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in west and central Africa. Consequence on therapy of gonococcal infection.
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OBJECTIVE
Antimicrobial resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have spread with remarkable rapidity in many African countries. Chromosomal resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and thiamphenicol is frequent now, and reported prevalences of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae isolates vary
TP53 Arg 72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a west Algerian population study.
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The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its regulator MDM2 are both key players involved in multiple pathways including apoptosis, cellular transcriptional control and cell cycle regulation. Common germline polymorphisms in these genes may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. An
HIV-2 capsids distinguish high and low virus load patients in a West African community cohort.
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HIV-2 causes AIDS similar to HIV-1, however a considerable proportion of HIV-2 infected patients show no disease and have low plasma virus load (VL). An analysis of HIV-2 capsid (p26) variation demonstrated that proline at p26 positions 119, 159 and 178 are more frequent in lower VL subjects while
Host competence and helicase activity differences exhibited by West Nile viral variants expressing NS3-249 amino acid polymorphisms.
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A single helicase amino acid substitution, NS3-T249P, has been shown to increase viremia magnitude/mortality in American crows (AMCRs) following West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Lineage/intra-lineage geographic variants exhibit consistent amino acid polymorphisms at this locus; however, the majority
A conserved peptide in West Nile virus NS4A protein contributes to proteolytic processing and is essential for replication.
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The West Nile virus strain Kunjin virus (WNV(KUN)) NS4A protein is a multifunctional protein involved in membrane proliferation, stimulation of cellular pathways, and evasion of host defense and is a major component of the WNV(KUN) RNA replication complex. We identified a highly conserved region
Comparative analysis of cadmium-induced stress responses by the aromatic and non-aromatic rice genotypes of West Bengal.
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Constant exposure of the living ecosystems to heavy metals, like cadmium (Cd), induces a detectable change at the biochemical and genetic level. Repeated application of phosphate fertilizers in paddy fields, leads to increase in Cd content of soil. Cd being highly mobile is transported to shoot and
Assessment of air pollution stress on some commonly grown tree species in industrial zone of Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
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The present study deals with the biochemical responses of some selected tree species with respect to increased air pollution in Durgapur industrial city in India. Areas in vicinity to industries possess very high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (571 microg/m3), SOx (132 microg/m3) and
Phylogenetic relationships of Western Mediterranean West Nile virus strains (1996-2010) using full-length genome sequences: single or multiple introductions?
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In recent years, West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged in the Western Mediterranean region. As a result, the number of complete WNV genome sequences available from this region has increased, allowing more detailed phylogenetic analyses, which may help to understand the evolutionary history of WNV
Metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
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This study explored the metabolic adjustments prompted by a switch between the rainy and dry season conditions in the African malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae (M and S molecular forms) and Anopheles arabiensis. Mosquitoes were reared in contrasted experimental conditions reflecting environmental
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